Mobile Phone Companies Analysis

Nokia is a leading mobile device manufacturer globally and has a high market share. Maximum population in India prefers using Nokia handsets as it is user friendly. It can use its customer’s goodwill and loyalty to diversify in the mobile network market in India. The communications sector in India has transformed into a multi-player and multi-product market that has diverse market size and segments. In order to diversify in to new market, Nokia needs to develop a marketing plan which will give them the idea what factors to be considered before entering the mobile network sector. The marketing plan includes all the factors that need to be undertaken. They are market analysis, competitor analysis, and environmental analysis, and customer analysis, internal and external factors.The mobile network market is growing rapidly and has good opportunities for new entrants to enter market and gain market share. Though there is much opportunity in this market, there are some threats such as threat from existing competitor, high customer churn rates, etc. After conducting a Porter's 5 forces model on Nokia, I felt a PESTLE analysis would analyse the macro environment of Nokia.These are all the external forces that are out of Nokias' control but have a significant effect on how the company operates and the strategic decision they make. This model looks at the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors relating to Nokia and the industry they operate in. To understand the macro environment more this article will study each section in depth. After the completion of planning stage of marketing plan, an organization has to go through next stage which is strategic options. It deals with various key issues that a firm needs to look at. They are marketing objectives, Strategic objectives, Marketing mix, STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) process, Distribution process and Value chain. Nokia was founded over 140 years ago in Finland, a nd since then has become a global organisation that operates in over 120 countries worldwide.Nokia has also become a market leader in the mobile telecommunications industry and is most known for their mobile phones and Smartphone’s. Although recent competition has affected the market share that Nokia has in the telecommunication industry they still hold a strong  29%(2011) of the market share in a forever changing industry The micro environment is the internal factors that are affected by the customers, staff, shareholders and competitors. The best model for evaluating the micro environment of Nokia is Porter’s 5 forces as this takes into consideration the competitors, customers, suppliers and new entrants.Company Overview:The company was founded in 1865 by Frederick Idestam. The company began a paper mill in Tammerkoski in southern Finland. Frederick Idestam then built another mill by the Nokiavirta River where he gave the name Nokia to the mill in 1871. Originally, the Nokianvirta River was named after a dark furry animal, locally known as the Nokia – a type of marten. Following a major industrial force, the company merges with a cable company (founded by Eduard Polon) and a rubber firm (founded by Arvid Wickstrom) which sets Nokia on the new path of electronics. Nokia’s first electronic device was a pulse analyzer designed for use in nuclear power plants in 1962.Their interest in telecommunication systems began in 1963 when they started developing radio telephones for the army and the emergency services, prior to the manufacturing of televisions, radio phones, data transfer equipment, radio link, analyzers and digital telephone exchange. Nokia will change its production and focus on the telecommunication expertise until it becomes the core of its future work.To move to mobile: In 1979 Mobira Oy was the first phone maker. They begin life as a joint venture between Nokia and leading Finnish television Salora. The Mobile phone rev olution started in 1981 with the launch of the first Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service. The phone industry began to expand rapidly and Nokia introduces its first car phones followed by the portable in 1986.Mobile revolution: In 1992, Nokia decides to focus on its telecommunications business. This happens when Jorma Ollila becomes CEO of Nokia and he chooses to concentrate on telecommunication industry. In the 1990’s, the rubber, cable, and  consumer electronics divisions, were therefore sold. Nokia’s only business turned towards the manufacturing of mobile phones and telecommunications systems. The strategy of Jorma Ollila was to create a new era of telecommunication on a long term vision.1. PESTLE Analysis of NokiaPolitical:The Political factors relates to the factors which the government also affects such as government instability or rules and regulations which the business must follow. Nokia have recently moved one of its manufacturing facilities to India, and because of this it is important that Nokia follow the rules and regulations that are set in India, so that they can operate as efficiently as possible.The types of things they will have to be aware of is the minimum wage, the maximum hours a week employees can work and especially the Health and Safety regulations; this is to avoid any bad press or revolt from employees that will ultimately damage the reputation of Nokia both short term and long term. As well as foreign government it is vital that Nokia have a good relationship with their government in Finland, as any political instability such as a change in government or coalition may result in new laws being implemented, which will affect Nokia a lotEconomical:Nokia are vital to the Economy in Finland as it currently occupies a third of the market on the Helsinki stock exchange. The organisation is so important to the economy of Finland that the government had to step in when the business, earlier this year Nokia planned job cuts in Finland and with fears of what that would do to the economy the Finnish government stated they were prepared to help find jobs for those who are sacked (Reuters, 2011).Nokia will also have to be aware of changes in exchange rates, as they operate on a global scale and drastic changes in rates can have a devastating effect on the financial operations of the company if the business do not take appropriate steps to ensure the effects are minimum. The threat of recession  on western economy has also had an effect on the interest rates in banks, which means the cost of borrowing money for business activities has increased and Nokia will need to be aware of the changes in interest rate.SocialWith Nokia mainly operating in the Western market it is important for them to fully understand the social factors in these markets and the main factor they need to understand is the culture of the society; which is to have the latest and most up to date phone, is considered a key fashion icon. C onsumers are always after the most innovative and best looking Smartphone because in today’s culture people are judge on how fashionable they are by their choice of mobile phone. The increasing trend in Smartphone means when consumers purchase new mobile phones less and less consumers are choosing the standard mobiles phones over Smartphone because of the social trend in today’s society. Nokia will be aware of this and may now spend the majority of their efforts developing a Smartphone that can compete with their rivals’ products, in order to keep up with the trends of their consumers.Technological:The technological advances in the industry are vital to the success of any new Smartphone in the market that is continually growing, as the level of competition rises Nokia must ensure that their Smartphones are at the highest level of innovation. With functions such as camera, internet, social networking and email all necessities on Smartphones Nokia will have to thi nk of other functions to help differentiate and stand out from its rivals.As well as function more and more consumers are looking at the software running all the functions as a key indicator of the success and quality of the Smartphone, so Nokia’s alliance with Microsoft for their latest Smartphones seems a very good move as everyone are aware of the technological capabilities of Microsoft and the value they can add to any technological product. In the past Nokia were the market leaders in innovation in the mobile phone industry, however in recent times they have seemed well off the mark and struggle to compete with their rivals. This is why Nokia must consider their position in the industry and attempt to once again become the  market leader by offering a new innovative capability and get to the market before its rivals.Environmental:In today’s culture it is very important for organisations to be seen as environmentally friendly and ethical with its manufacturing, b ecause of the global effect it has on global warming so Nokia must ensure that they operate in an appropriate manner. With mobile phone recycling organisations becoming more and more popular, this demonstrates how important people are regarding it. The main issue with mobile recycling is the disposal of the batteries in the phones as these can become dangerous if not disposed of appropriately.Legal:Intellectual property is the key to any technological business and must be cared for and protected to the fullest amount to ensure the business does not lose out to rivals. Nokia operate in an industry where it is very difficult to have a product that is different to its competitors, when they do release a product with an innovative capability it is vital to protect the rights to it through patents, copyright, trademarks or design to ensure they are not â€Å"stolen† by their competitors.Not only are competitors a threat of intellectual, but Nokia must ensure they do not fall victi m to counterfeiters who claim to be a Nokia products but are cheap knock-offs. As Nokia have manufacturing plants in a various countries it is extremely important that they abide by the laws and regulations set by the different countries as the laws will differ depending on the country, these can be employments laws, Health and Safety or even trade restrictions.2. Marketing strategy of NokiaNokia is a leading mobile device manufacturer globally and has a high market share. Maximum population in India prefers using Nokia handsets as it is user friendly. It can use its customer’s goodwill and loyalty to diversify  in the mobile network market in India.The communications sector in India has transformed into a multi-player and multi-product market that has diverse market size and segments. In order to diversify in to new market, Nokia needs to develop a marketing plan which will give them the idea what factors to be considered before entering the mobile network sector. The mark eting plan includes all the factors that need to be undertaken. They are market analysis, competitor analysis, and environmental analysis, and customer analysis, internal and external factors.The mobile network market is growing rapidly and has good opportunities for new entrants to enter market and gain market share. Though there is much opportunity in this market, there are some threats such as threat from existing competitor, high customer churn rates, etc.MARKETING OBJECTIVES It is defined as, ‘marketing goals that the business must achieve in order to meet its wider business objectives’. Some of the main marketing objectives of an organization are to increase its market share, differentiate its products from competitors, develop brand value among its customers, and introducing new products or services in the market. The strategic objectives of an organization can be measured with the help of BCG matrix. BCG matrix helps to measure an organizations business units or product lines.CUSTOMER ANALYSIS At present, almost everyone uses cell phone. Therefore, the target segment for this market cannot be specific. Nokia needs to target population according to their usage by providing customize service plans so that the customer can select the plan which meets their requirements. They can also segment customers regionally as the usage is much more in urban market.MARKETING MIXIt is the most famous marketing term and is used by all organization to target its customers. The elements of marketing mix are the basis of a marketing plan. It includes 4 P’s for products and 7 P’s for services. They are Product, Price, Place, Promotion and extended P’s i.e. Physical evidence, People and Process for services.ProductA product is a tangible thing that is sold by an organization to its customers in order to gain market share. To gain market share a firm needs to differentiate its products from competitors, be innovative, and eliminate the produ cts which are not doing well in the market. In case of Nokia, it is a market leader in cell phone market. To gain market share and increase its customer base, Nokia is diversifying into SIM cards market. To differentiate its product from the competitors it has to use various strategies such as mass marketing. The product offered by Nokia i.e. SIM cards can be described with the service that they can offer.PricePrice refers to the amount a customer is willing to spend. It is determined by a number of factors such as market share, growth rate, competitor pricing, etc. Nokia has to keep its SIM card prices low in order to penetrate into the mobile network market. They need to offer service plans as per the usage of the customers. While pricing, Nokia needs to keep in mind different segments that they are targeting. For instance, different plan for youngsters, corporate, businesses, SBUs. They also need to constantly update its pricing in order to compete with its competitors.PlaceIt re fers to geographical area where the product is placed. It also includes outlets, distribution channel. Nokia needs to make available its SIM cards both in rural and urban areas. It can also use its geographical reach to untap the rural markets which is still not properly covered by the existing competitors. Nokia can also use its customer care centres to sell its SIM cards. Apart from this, they can provide its SIM cards to retailers and dealers.PromotionIt represents all the marketing activities that are carried to promote a product in the market. There are various mediums to promote products such as advertisements, hoardings, etc. Nokia can use various mediums to promote its SIM cards. It can use celebrities, advertisements, hoardings, sponsoring events, etc. They can also spread awareness about its SIM cards by using canopies outside colleges.SWOT ANALYSISStrengths: Huge market share: Nokia has huge market share in the cell phone sector and therefore can use its image to be succe ssful in the service provider market. World-class technology: Nokia can make use of its world class research and development team to design better network coverage for its sim-cards. Geographical Reach: As Nokia is one of the renowned brands globally, its presence in the market is very high and can use this to provide its sim-cards service to majority of population.Weakness:New in the market: As Nokia is new in the service provider market, it will be difficult to attract customers towards its sim-cards and service plans. High customer churn rate: Due to many competitors in the market and less margin to differentiate the service from competitors, customers switch from one service provider to other if they are not satisfied with its service.Opportunities:Untapped Market: Nokia is new to the service provider market and has an opportunity to explore the market. High market growth rate: As the number of people using mobile phones is increasing rapidly. There is high growth rate in the ma rket. Increase Market Share: Nokia can increase its market share by untapping the service provider market and increasing its customer base.Threats:Competitors threat: Nokia face competitors threat from market leaders such as Airtel, Vodafone and also from new entrant Aircel which has been successful to gain market share within a short period. Global recession: It led to less  amount of disposable income with the customers. Hence, customers think twice before investing his money. Market Saturation: It poses as another threat if the service provider market saturates due to financial crisis caused by recession.3. Porter’s AnalysisI. Threat of new entrants:ââ€"  The mobile phone industry is already a well established market and the threat of a new entrant is quite low, as the technology needed to rival the devices already available is quite advance if they want to differentiate from them.ââ€"  The barriers to entry in the mobile phone industry is high because any new entran ts will need high investments in R&D, technology and marketing in order to compete with the established organizations. ââ€"  New entrants want to take market share from the larger organisations but Nokia hold 29% of the market share in the industry, the highest market share in the industry. (BBC News, 2011) The threat of new entrants into the mobile phone industry is very unlikely as the start up cost of entering into the market at a high level needs a lot of investments and time to be considered a respectable competitor of the already established organisations.Nokia currently hold a 29% of the entire mobile phone market worldwide and for a new competitor to obtain some of their market will take either a very long term plan or something that is truly innovative and unseen before. This is because realistically the new entrant will need very high investment for R&D and marketing, and would not be able to publish positive result for a long time as they try to build a customer base an d a name for itself in an established market. In conclusion the threat of new entrants is very low and not a factor which Nokia will have to worry about in the near future.II. Power of suppliers: ââ€"  Although Nokia rely on its suppliers to supply equipment for their advanced mobile phones there are actually a number of large equipment makers, which Nokia could switch to. ââ€"  The software suppliers for their Smartphones are  now Microsoft, who will have a very high bargaining power. ââ€"  As the leading mobile phone company in the industry they are in a very strong position when bargaining with their suppliers. Nokia are in the position where they can bargain and negotiate with any mobile phone hardware maker because there is a high number of equipment suppliers that are readily available to them should their current suppliers attempt to bargain for more money with them.Nokia’s main argument would be the fact that they are a global organisation that has the highest market share in the industry, so the suppliers would not want to lose such an illustrious organisation. On the other hand, Nokia have recently created an alliance with Microsoft for their software which would be considered a major coup for Nokia more than Microsoft. As a result, Microsoft will have a lot of power when negotiating a price and share because the deal is more beneficial to Nokia than Microsoft. In conclusion, there is a moderate threat from the powers of suppliers because although the hardware suppliers have a very low power, Microsoft’s power over the software is very high because they’re very few other organisations who have the expertise and skills to rival Microsoft.III. Powers of buyers: ââ€"  The power that customers have is rising because of the increasing number of choices in the mobile telecommunication industry. ââ€"  With a lot of the Nokia competitors all offering similar packages (e.g. unlimited texts and calls) the industry is very price sensitive with customers seeking out the best value for money. ââ€"  Many of the consumers will also be tied into long term contracts so switching from one handset to another will be difficult and expensive for the consumer, as a result they may not want to change until the contract is finished.The mobile phone industry is a competitive market where the number of choices is very wide, resulting in the consumer having a lot of power because they can choose to go to one of Nokia’s many rivals if they feel Nokia are not good enough. As Nokia do not have a direct store to sell to their consumers, intermediaries such as Carphone warehouse or network stores such as Orange also have other handsets readily available for the consumers, which makes it difficult for Nokia to have a direct impact on the selling of their handsets. As a result this has created a very price sensitive market because consumers will always be on the lookout for the  best deals. In conclusion, the buyers h ave a high amount of power because of the other handsets they can purchase instead of Nokia.IV. Threats of substitute’s products:ââ€"  Mobile phones are an everyday essential in people’s lives today and people would find it hard to replace, as customers would not be able to be in constant contact when away from the house. ââ€"  On the other hand, it could be said that customers would be able to contact people through others types of media such as social networking websites, email and home telephones. Although staying in constant contact would be hard in customers’ day to day life. ââ€"  However, smart phones are capable of a lot of functions so there are many substitutes if the substitute focuses on one of the functions, e.g. digital camera can take better photos then smart phones, notebooks can surf the web just as effectively and PDAs can plan a day the same way a smart phone can. Mobile phones have become an everyday necessity in peoples’ lives b ecause of the important functions that they can do and are all available in just one handset.No other product has the ability to make phone calls, send messages, surf the web and many more in one device. The idea of being in constant communication with someone at anytime and anywhere makes the mobile phone a very important device to people. On the other hand, a mobile phone can be dissected into the key function where there are substitutes for the functions, such as the camera function on a mobile phone can be substituted for a digital camera which can do a better job than the camera in a mobile phone.In conclusion, the threat of a substitute product is very low due to the fact a mobile phone is no longer just for making calls but for all the other function as well are expected on all mobile phones. So, the only real substitute is to buy all the functions of a mobile phone in the individual products which would not be plausible to carry all around on a person at the same time. Witho ut mobile phones consumers would find it very difficult to replace, as it can offer so much to the consumers all in one device, no matter what the needs of the consumer are. Consumers rely on mobile phones a lot and would not be able to find a substitute that has all the function of a mobile phone.V. Competitive rivalry:ââ€"  Nokia rivals have moved to smart phones and androids while Nokia have only just recently released their first smart phones leaving them trailing their rivals such as Apple and HTC. ââ€"  There is also very little differentiation between the competitors which means any new smart phones in the market, like Nokia Lumia, will find it difficult to tempt existing iphone and HTC customers to switch. ââ€"  Intense competition from large companies such as; Apple, HTC, Blackberry, Sony Ericcson and LG, ect. Nokia operate in an industry where the competition is extremely fierce with high investment in R&B and marketing to compete with some of the biggest organisatio ns in the world. This year Nokia’s market share has dropped to 29% and it is forecast to continue to fall because of the rising popularity of the Apple Iphone.After Nokia’s slow move into the Smartphone market it has left them trailing their rivals, and has just released their Lumia range which will find it difficult to compete and win over consumers from their Iphones. In conclusion, competitive rivalry is very high and Nokia must be aware of the threat that competitors have on their business especially with the growing popularity of the Apple iphone and RIM blackberry. The competitive rivalry is the biggest threat to Nokia because in the Smartphone market they are considerably behind and to increase their market share will take a lot of work in a market where some of the biggest names in business operate in such as Apple and Sony.Competitive environments of Nokia For more than a decade, Nokia has been the iconic leader in the industry. However, the iPhone revolution (as well as the growth of a fully vertically integrated and higher next important step in this process of assessing the external environment will be to show the current picture of Nokia’s competitors. Hardware:  hly diverse group like Samsung) has disturbed the industry.The latest data clearly highlighted several crucial points: Firstly, Nokia reported smartphone sales of about US$ 3.4 billion for Q2 2011, while Apple’s iPhone revenue totaled US$ 13.3 billion; this makes Apple the leader  of the industry as it shipped 20 million iPhones. It is also important to understand that the average sale price (ASP) of an iPhone is more than US$ 600, while Nokia reports a smartphone ASP of around US$ 200. Secondly, Nokia was previously the market share leader, having more than one-third of the worldwide smartphone market in Q2 2010. However, one year later, this figure has decreased to only 15.7% and Nokia is the only brand that has lost market share, reporting a negative gro wth of 30%.The chart above shows the operating profits from the sale of mobile phones among the main vendors. During the second quarter of 2011, Nokia, Motorola, Sony-Ericsson and LG saw losses and did not manage to generate a profit by selling phones. During the same period, RIM and Samsung saw their shares slightly decrease but Apple grew substantially and this company now represents two-thirds of the industry with operating profit of 66.3%.From the same graph, we can also confirm that Motorola and LG are frequently making losses; this may explain why Google bought Motorola last month and why LG is considering exiting the industry before the end of 2011. The chart above clearly confirms that Nokia’s problems are not recent; it shows the change in profit share over a four-year period and we can see that Nokia has slowly lost profits and market shares to Apple. As of September 2011, Apple is currently taking 84% of the profits generated by modern smartphones; this means that Nokia’s main source of revenue is the low-end classic mobile phone.Software: The OSThe previous section highlighted the fact that Nokia saw its market share and profits decrease over the last four years, and during the same period, Apple and the iPhone took 84% of the overall profits. By studying the operating system (OS), as well as the applications that are developed by the industry, we will be able to understand how its new competitor, Apple, surpassed the previously successful Nokia. SymbianSymbian v9 was launched in 2005 and in December 2008, Nokia bought Symbian Ltd., the company behind Symbian OS and made it an open source system. Nokia’s Symbian platform market share increased to 47% but in 2010 it started to plateau and is now declining sharply, currently representing less  than 16% of new mobile phone operating systems. Symbian was mostly used by the Nokia Group and other manufacturers like LG, Motorola, Samsung and Sony Ericsson.Symbian remains the most us ed OS due to its very large installed based (more than 500 million mobile phones). However, Google’s Android has emerged as a significant challenger to the superiority of Symbian by providing a developer-friendly OS combined with better innovative functionalities, a better user interface and coming from a consumer-friendly brand (Android by Google). AndroidGoogle’s Android was launched as a free and open source operating system in 2008 and within two years, it grew from having 0% to 21% of the market share. As of 2011, Google’s Android operating system is installed on 130 million devices and it is used extensively by leading smartphone manufactures like Samsung, Motorola and HTC.Windows Phone 7The Windows Phone 7 was showcased at the beginning of 2010 and represented a significant upgrade to the struggling Windows Mobile 6 OS. Early signs were mixed but the OS was generally well received and Microsoft also created important new features like Zune, Bing, Xbox Liv e and Windows Marketplace. However, the Windows Phone arrived late on the market in comparison to the Apple iOS or Android and the OS was not free and fully open source.In August 2011, during his keynote speech at the 2011 Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer admitted that Microsoft simply hasn't gained any traction and that Microsoft has failed. Based on the latest figures from Nielsen, Windows Phone 7 sales only represent 9% of the market, compared to 38% for Android and 27% for the iPhone. In order to picture this incredible landscape modification in terms of the OS, both graphs below show how the top smartphone platform has moved from Symbian to Android in fewer than 4 years.Mobile applications: The previous sections described how the Nokia ecosystem Symbian failed to compete with Apple or Google. In this section, we will see how this issue also affected the developer community and therefore the applications available on Nokia’s mobile phone s and smartphones. Firstly, by analysing  the number of applications available in the Nokia application store (called OVI) we can see from the graph below that OVI has only 46,000 applications when Android or Apple have over 300,000 applications. However, we can also see from the same graph that the trend is slowly growing, confirming the idea that some developers remain interested in developing applications on Nokia’s Symbian platform, even though this platform is less competitive than Android or Windows Phone 7.Conclusion:Nokia’s strategy to diversify from cell phone manufacture to Nokia mobile network will be a great success. Moreover, it can use its goodwill and loyalty of people towards Nokia cell phone to use its sim-cards. As majority of service provider’s focus on urban areas, Nokia can use its geographical reach to uncap the rural market.In order to diversify its business in to mobile network market, Nokia needs to make use of its leading mobile phone s manufacturer image. As Nokia has build loyalty among its mobile phone users, it can use this for attracting customers towards its SIM cards and thereby gain market share. Also with its world class R & D department, it can offer many services to its customers which will help them to differentiate in their service offering from its competitors. For instance, video calling, free roaming, outgoing call restriction, etc.By focusing more on rural market which is untap to a certain extent, Nokia can satisfy its customers in rural areas which most of the existing players are not successful. Also by offering customize service plans to its customers such as offering SmS package, unlimited internet package, Free Hello tune, and so on with minimum price. Nokia can also make tie-ups with existing players such as Airtel, Vodafone, Aircel in order to gain larger market share.It can also offer better deals to customers who are buying Nokia handsets on its SIM cards which will increase its sales a s well as customer base. This will help them to develop loyalty among its customers. In order to diversify in to SIM cards segment, Nokia needs to use mass marketing by implementing various promotion strategies such as Advertisements, Hoardings, Sponsoring events, canopies outside colleges and  so on. Nokia also needs to plan its distribution strategy in order to reach to maximum people. They can also use their ‘Connecting People’ tagline in its SIM card, thereby giving additional meaning to it.Thus, to diversify in to SIM card market is a better option for Nokia to increase its market share and revenue. Also this will help them to build larger customer base which will ultimately result in one of the leading brands in the telecommunications industry.

50 Fun Things to Do in Supermarket

50 Fun Things To Do In A Supermarket 1. Take shopping carts for the express purpose of filling them and stranding them at strategic locations. 2. Ride those little electronic cars at the front of the store. 3. Set all the alarm clocks to go off at ten minute intervals throughout the day. 4. Start playing Calvinball; see how many people you can get to join in. 5. Contaminate the entire auto department by sampling all the spray air fresheners. 6. Challenge other customers to duels with tubes of gift wrap. 7. Leave cryptic messages on the typewriters. 8. Re-dress the mannequins as you see fit. 9.When there are people behind you, walk REALLY SLOW, especially thin narrow aisles. 10. Walk up to an employee and tell him in an official tone, â€Å"I think we've got a Code 3 in Housewares,† and see what happens. 11. Tune all the radios to a polka station; then turn them all off and turn the volumes to â€Å"10†. 12. Play with the automatic doors. 13. Walk up to complete stranger s and say, â€Å"Hi! I haven't seen you in so long!†¦ † etc. See if they play along to avoid embarrassment. 14. While walking through the clothing department, ask yourself loud enough for all to hear, â€Å"Who BUYS this junk, anyway? â€Å"15. Repeat Number 14 in the jewelry department. 6. Ride a display bicycle through the store; claim you're taking it for a â€Å"test drive. † 17. Follow people through the aisles, always staying about five feet away. Continue to do this until they leave the department. 18. Play soccer with a group of friend, using the entire store as your playing field. 19. As the cashier runs your purchases over the scanner, look mesmerized and say, â€Å"Wow. Magic! † 20. Put M;M's on layaway. 21. Move â€Å"Caution: Wet Floor† signs to carpeted areas. 22. Set up a tent in the camping department; tell others you'll only invite them in if they bring pillows from Bed and Bath. 23.Test the fishing rods and see what you can  "catch† from the other aisles. 24. Ask other customers if they have any Grey Poupon. 25. Drape a blanket around your shoulders and run around saying, â€Å"†¦ I'm Batman. Come, Robin–to the Batcave! † 26. TP as much of the store as possible. 27. Randomly throw things over into neighboring aisles. 28. Play with the calculators so that they all spell â€Å"hello† upside down. 29. When someone asks if you need help, begin to cry and ask, â€Å"Why won't you people just leave me alone? † 30. When two or three people are walking ahead of you, run between them, yelling, â€Å"Red Rover! 31. Make up nonsense products and ask newly hired employees if there are any in stock, i. e. , â€Å"Do you have any Shnerples here? † 32. Take up an entire aisle in Toys by setting up a full scale battlefield with G. I. Joes vs. the X-Men. 33. Take bets on the battle described above. 34. Nonchalantly â€Å"test† the brushes and combs in Cosmetics. 35. Hold indoor shopping cart races. 36. Dart around suspiciously while humming the theme from Mission: Impossible. † 37. Attempt to fit into very large gym bags. 38. Attempt to fit others into very large gym bags. 39.Say things like, â€Å"Would you be so kind as to direct me to your Twinkies? † 40. Set up a â€Å"Valet Parking† sign in front of the store. 41. Two words: â€Å"Marco Polo. † 42. Leave Cheerios in Lawn and Garden, pillows in the pet food aisle, etc. 43. â€Å"Re-alphabetize† the CD's in Electronics. 44. When someone steps away from their cart to look at something, quickly make off with it without saying a word. 45. Relax in the patio furniture until you get kicked out. 46. When an announcement comes over the loudspeaker, assume the fetal position and scream, â€Å"No, no! It's those voices again! 47.Pay off layaways fifty cents at a time. 48. Drag a lounge chair on display over to the magazines and relax. If the store has a food court, buy a soft drink; explain that you don't get out much, and ask if they can put a little umbrella in it. 49. Hmm†¦ only 48 things so far 50. Naaawwww, go in the next supermarket and ask an employee for the 2 Missing fun things to do in his supermarket. 51. Submitted by Eeyore002: Get you some popcorn and a comfy seat and plant yourself in the movie section and watch whatever movie is on, if you can't conquer the VCR's control

Globalization, Ethics and Islam Essay

Ian Markham in his book stated his view of religion and its value to human race. Just like the view of Said Nursi, his source of ideology, he firmly believed in world peace that is founded on deep religious ethics. For Markham, all religions of the world have responsibility and authority in keeping moral ethics alive in the society. This is contrary to the view of Alasdair MacIntyre who claimed that â€Å"there are adequate non-religious alternative foundations for ethics† (p. 66); Aristotle who said that moral assertion is â€Å"an intelligible framework† (p. 68); and other names in history like Kant, Hume. Globalization therefore, will make its sense in the absence of hate and war, and in upholding ethical values instituted in religious beliefs worldwide. Though he accepts justification for ethics of other religion, yet he believes that Islam faith could draw clearly the idea of ethical system. Religions of the world should establish its own paradigm of ethics for Markham puts it, â€Å"†¦ because moral factors should (and in practice – do) shape our public life† (p. 68). He further added, â€Å"The basic commitment to decency in our public discourse is a moral judgment that the public square needs. † Furthermore, Markham also believes that the place of religion is private and not public, which he meant that the State should not control the citizens’ beliefs and practices but the same should not allow any public expression of religious belief for â€Å"public disorder would ensue† (p. 67). Therefore, as Markham tried to explain, religion has greater responsibility in maintaining world peace if it holds to the principles of morality and ethicss; for only when faith made sense, ethical framework would not have any sense either. Comparative Analysis of Markham’s View and Thomas Michel’s on Issue of Ethics and Globalization Thomas Michel the advocate of Catholic faith believes that there are similarities in his view and that of Markham on issue of religion and world peace, which he called â€Å"the ethics of peace† (p. 37). He recognized the contribution of these two great persons to the topic. Pope John Paul II on World’s Day in 2002 delivered a message that proposed, â€Å"True peace must rest on †¦justice and forgiveness† (p. 37). Pope explained that peace in form of ‘cease-fire’ only amplify the issue; while peace may be attained by getting to the â€Å"heart of the conflict and try to heal human relations† (p. 38). He added, when there is oppression or injustice peace is impossible. The resolution for world peace according to Pope is justice in forms of moral virtue and legal guarantee; these, he believed are the elements of international system of relations among peoples – â€Å"full respect for rights and responsibilities† (p. 38). This concept is closely related with the idea presented by Markham in which, religion has to stand on idea of having moral and ethical standard established and practiced in the society. Markham clearly emphasized in his book that the world â€Å"needs deeply committed orthodox, exponents of each tradition to outline an ethical system that is both true to the beliefs and practices of that tradition† (p. 65). The Pope emphasized in the message the importance of justice and forgiveness as virtues people must embrace to have peace. Qur’an teaches about patience, which is a predominant virtue in that book. Yusuf 12 verse 90 of Qur’an says, â€Å"One who is mindful of God and patient indeed God will not forfeit the recompense due to those who do good. † Work Cited Markham, Ian S. and Ozdemir, Ibrahim. Globalization, Ethics and Islam: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. , 2005

Free Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Free Trade - Essay Example In the global context, promoting free trade means opening up global markets. In other words, markets increasingly become liberal as protectionist activities reduce. The idea is to offer global trade players an equal environment within which they conduct their business. Notably, governments are the primary enforcers of free trade in the international trade environment. In streamlining free trade across the globe, governments come up with policies or programs that formulate and implement oversight authorities such as World Trade Organization and the European Union. These bodies enforce trade agreements and relationships, thus ensuring compliance to the set rules and regulations. For the European Union, the mandate of the body goes beyond the trade factor. However, the economic aspect of the union is critical to the realization of free trade within and across member states. The realization of global free trade is not an easy process. This is because diverse and dynamic factors affect trade activities within and across domestic, regional, national, and international levels. In today’s global economy, there are many different operational trade agreements and treaties. This shows the extent to which international trade players are willing to embrace and subsequently practice free trade. David Ricardo’s comparative advantage theory is influential in international trade (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2012). This theory sets out the advantages of international trade based on the production factor. In light of the theory, trade is important because it allows producers across the globe to capitalize their production strengths while benefiting from the strengths of another state in the same regard. This theory informs the basis of free trade, where stakeholders seek to maximize their trade welfare through liberal or more open markets

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 30

No topic - Essay Example They employed fire bombs since they knew that the buildings were old and constructed from wood. Churchill still wanted more civilians to be killed, and so he prepared thousands of anthrax bombs to be thrown on German cities in 1945 to kill as many Germans as was possible. The 1942 tests of anthrax on Gruinard Island shocked scientists. They realised that a mass detonation of anthrax over Germany would make the land completely unsuitable for human habitation. Consequently, Churchill changed his plan and decided using poison gas instead. Also, American generals in the field disregarded Roosevelt’s orders to  slow down  (and leave Germany to the Soviet Union), which made it difficult to use anthrax bombs (Milton, 2013). Churchill was an inspiration, and had the ability to channel his determination to the British, and strengthen their resolve through encouragement and praise. Churchill inspired not only British leaders, but British citizens as well.  Churchill’s passion also produced innovation.   He brought about the invention of the first tanks.   To break down the fastening of the â€Å"no-man’s land† of World War I, Churchill proposed that a massive tractor with resilient treads be constructed from which men could fire machine guns and throw grenades from the rear of an an armor plating.   Milton, G. (2013, September 24). Churchills Anthrax Bombshell: A top secret tale. Retrieved from War History Online:

Atrial Fibrillation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Atrial Fibrillation - Article Example Possible causes that give rise to AF include comorbidities like hypertension, coronary ischemia, heart failure and obstructive sleep apnoea. The characteristic features of electrical remodelling are alterations in atrial refractoriness, atrial conduction and sinus node function. This happens very quickly and is considered possible to reverse. Loss of contractility results from the contractile remodelling that happens in AF and like electrical remodelling happens very quickly. Reduction in the release of systolic calcium ions is believed to contribute to this change. Myolysis or the loss of sarcomeres is also a likely candidate for this change. The consequences of contractile remodelling are thrombus formation and atrial dilation. Advance of AF may be caused by contractile remodelling through the coexistence of multiple wavelets. Reversing contractility changes takes longer than in the case of reversing electrical remodelling changes possible because of the time involved in the replacement of lost sarcomeres. Persistent AF has been associated with the structural changes within the atria. Many of these changes are consider ed to be irreversible. Evidence from animal studies suggests that these changes occur more slowly than the changes that occur from electrical and contractile remodelling and primarily reflect dedifferentiation. The striking changes seen in animal models are increased cell size, myolysis, and the collection of glycogen around the nucleus of the cell. From the limited data from humans there is indication that degenerative changes may occur (Cohen & Naccarelli, 2008). Management of AF is a three pronged strategy. The first is of the prongs is anticoagulation. Use of anticoagulation is guided by the CHAD scoring system set forth by the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of cardiology. When the AF patient has any one of these

Osmoregulation In Kidney Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Osmoregulation In Kidney - Assignment Example Water is passively transported across the cell membranes in reaction to ionic concentration changes. An increase in Na and K ions in the cells generate a concentration gradient resulting in increased water uptake through the process of osmosis. Similarly, the consequence of decreased ionic concentration results in water loss from the cells. Therefore, the rate of water gain or loss is regulated through specific hormones that are involved in the alteration of excretory ducts to water permeability and Na flow across the membranes. Urine is more concentrated than blood and has an osmolality of 1200 mmol/L while blood has 300 mmol/L. Renal osmoregulatory mechanisms are involved in the conversion of this osmolarity. Accordingly, human urine can be as hypo-osmotic as 50 most/L or as hyperosmotic as 1200 mm/L (Eastwood, 2009). The remarkable ability of the kidney to produce hyper/hypo-osmotic urine through osmotic gradient maintenance is largely dependent upon specific arrangement and coope rative efforts of the loop of Henle and collecting tubules in renal cortex and medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons maintain a high osmolarity in kidneys and the countercurrent mechanisms of Vasa recta and loop of Henle are responsible for maintaining evident osmotic gradient between cortex and medulla. The filtrate passes from the cortex to the medulla in descending tubule of the loop of Henle where major amounts of the water are reabsorbed through osmosis, thus increasing the osmolarity of the filtrate.

International economics ECON-370 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International economics ECON-370 - Assignment Example By definition, intra-industry trade arises when a country imports and exports related types of goods or services simultaneously. Considering two countries as an example, Germany and France, if Germany exports cars to France and simultaneously imports cars from England, then intra-industry trade occurs. (b). When the US imports the labor-intensive parts and not finished goods and exports the capital-intensive finished cars, then this would be a clear indication of intra-industry trade whereby the country will be acting simultaneously in the imports and exports of the same product. This scenario is similar to that of the example of Germany discussed in part (a) above. The finding that imports are labor intensive means that most individuals won’t be employed in the US as the imported goods come when they are already near finish. Nothing much is done on them. Capital intensive exports on the other hand means that we send a lot of employment opportunities outside of the country hen ce we create jobs outside and not inside the US. In my view, such a situation due to trade will lead to job displacement. 2. (a). A country is capital-abundant if its endowment of capital is more compared to other †¦. ... labor-intensive because its price in the labor-abundant country will lead to a bid price that is lower relatively to the price of that good in the country. Therefore, a capital-abundant country will export the capital-intensive good because its capital endowment is large compared to other countries, and the labor-abundant country will export the labor-intensive good. From this illustration, US is the capital-intensive country while EA are labor-intensive. US has less workers as compared to EA. This is in line with promoting trade between countries. (b). (c). In Stopper-Samuealson is’s a heory states that a â€Å"rise in the comparative price of a good raises the relative price of the factor used intensively in its production. Opening trade between countries will increase the award to the abundant factor and lower the reward of the scarce factor.this theory clarifies one reason for the controversy about free trade (Krugman et al 75). The US is expected to be the loser as this theory advocates that the relative factor endowments ; creating incentives for owners, nothing ever happened to support free trade. The EA on the other hand, are expected to gain since they are labor-intensive. On the other hand, since production of each good involves using different proportions for individual. Changing output combination altrers relative demand for the goods produced in both countries. Trade liberalization of trade leads to more inequality. (d), when there is no free trade and labor can migrate fully, from one country to another. at intra-industry Trade, the simultaneous import and export of goods for trade. Migration of workers is based on whether a country is capital –intensive or capital extensive. If capital intensive then workers will migrate from it to the labor intensive

BIOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIOLOGY - Essay Example An outer membrane which forms the outer covering of the organelle and inner membrane which is twisted n folds to form specific structure called Cistae. There are granules attached in the inner folds of cistae and the inside of a mitochondrial is filled with mitochondrial matrix. The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP hence the name ‘power house of the cell’. Ans3. Centrifuge is process through which we can obtain different cell organelles. The process works in a way that when a solution containing cells is centrifuged, the supernatant fluid containing our required cell organelles separates out on the surface which is then collected and observed under the microscope to study required cell organelle. Ans4. Hemoglobin is present in red blood cells and is a necessary component for living things to survive. Hemoglobin’s main function is transport of oxygen. When deoxygenated blood goes through the lungs, the hemoglobin in RBCs attracts oxygen towards it. Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the blood cells and is carried out to the body tissues where it is released from the hemoglobin and blood once again goes to lungs for oxygenation. Ans5. The main mechanisms of transport through cell membrane are 1) Diffusion 2) Active transport and 3) passive transport. Diffusion is the simple moving of molecules through the cell membrane across a concentration gradient. Active transport occurs when a molecule is supposed to be transported against the concentration gradient. Active transport takes place with the help of specific carriers that carry our required molecules against the concentration gradient through specific channels and this process requires energy. Passive transport occurs when a molecules uses another channel to move across the cell membrane. Ans7. DNA consists of two ribose sugar strands which are joined by nucleic acids Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. These bases form the inner

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a famous and legendary play written by the William Shakespeare around 1595. Romeo and Juliet stands as a great play in its own right. This is a tragic play about a pair of star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet. They both pursue their love for each other even though they were related from two power families the Montagues and the Capulets who have been feuding with each other for years. Romeo knew a good thing that he saw it in Juliet. It was the love at first sight. Shakespeare created a tension in a play by gathering Romeo and Juliet and it increases, as the hatred between the Montagues and Capulets continues. Eventually the play turns to tragic end because both, Romeo and Juliet die at the end and it brings tears to the eyes of the audience. There are many ways in which Romeo and Juliet can be directed. Every production is a right interpretation by the director, the actors and the audience. The director plays an important role in making a movie he/she has to visualise the scene in order to decide how and when a certain scene should take place, also its directors job to instruct the actors on how to bring the script to life. He also has to figure out that what kind of setting would create an atmosphere most suited for a particular scene. As a director, I will decide to give film adaptation to Romeo and Juliet act 2 scene 2, instead of staging it in theatre because Shakespeare created the setting that were blowing in the Elizabethan audiences mind. They lived in an aural society where that needed little visual source to understand, whereas we live in a modern society where television and film visual impact is what appeal to a modern audience. Also by giving the film adaptation, I could express my ideas more clearly with the help of camera and will be able to give special effects such as lighting and background music. Before to act the scene, director has to decide that whether he/she wants to modernise the scene or not, and this is why I have decided to keep the original language and change setting into modernise setting. Also I have decided to change the location of the play from the original setting but the theme will be the same. I have chosen Lahore (one of the city of the Pakistan) for setting of this scene because Pakistan is famous for its different cultures, traditions, different ethnic groups and arranged marriages. All theses characteristics of Pakistan will connect to the play when Romeo and Juliet would come from different ethnic groups and Juliet will be forced to marry Paris. Another reason why I selected Lahore as my setting is because in Lahore, balconies are very common and the way they have built are very nice-looking and attractive and act 2 scene 2 is the famous Balcony scene of the most renowned in all of Shakespeare. Another reason of choosing Lahore is because there are beautiful gardens, fountains and the moon and stars sparks very bright at night, which would provide an excellent background for the balcony scene. I will change the costumes of the actors to make the scene even more motivating. I would like Juliet to wear white blossom robe, as it is a symbol of her virginity. I will also change the clothes of Montague and Capulet; Montague will wear white shirts with grey coats and grey trousers, whereas Capulet will wear red shirts with blue coat and blue trousers. This will make clear to audience that who relates from which family. I will give some romantic music when Romeo sees Juliet come to the window because it will have a great influence on the audiences mind and will realise the excitement that will be felt by the Romeo for his love. When Romeo will be leaving to Juliet, I will make this part of the scene very romantic by making Romeo to kiss Juliet, also I will be shown light on them, which will raise the importance of their separation. Also I will make use of the modern props such as machine guns, revolvers, tanks, latest cars instead of swords and horses because it would keep the audience active and would create the effect of the modern world. The language used by the Shakespeare is very passionate, romantic and sexual. For example It is my lady, O, it is my love! O, that she knew she were! It shows the Romeo love for Juliet is becoming very powerful. O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head As a winged messenger of heaven Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him When he bestrides the lazy puffing clouds And sails upon the bosom of the air Here Romeo really believes that Juliet is angelic. An angelic is the glorious to the night because it appears in a glory a halo surrounding and emitting from its body. The angel moves with the effortless ease, lighter than clouds, more graceful than ship sailing on the swelling bosom of the ocean. And Romeo speaks of all this as though he has actually seen an angel and is now looking upon another. O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; These phrases are spoken by the Juliet. Of course shes not actually speaking to Romeo (she has no idea that Romeo is here), but she is so much in love with him and she doesnt really mean him to reject his name, she only desires to be with him. Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet Here Juliet is ready to sacrifice her family, if he will just swear loves her; she will give up the name of Capulet. Looking at the Shakespeares poetic, romantic, passionate language I have decided to keep the language same because it is very appealing to the audience and draws audience attention very rapidly. Act 2 Scene 2 illustrates the strength of the Romeo and Juliets love. In this scene they both express their love for each other and agreed to marry with each other. When they both agreed for married, Juliet was not even 14 years old but still she had an absolute quality of the language and thought. At that time, the head of the household was the sole ruler and decided where to marry his daughter or son. Many marriages were based on suitability, not on love. In conclusion, film is most attractive and romantic way to express the love of two younger, Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet tried so much to stay with each other but fate didnt allow them, and at the end they both died. This play is tragedy like others of Shakespeares such as Macbeth. Eventually after the death of two innocent lovers, two evil families Capulet and Montague decided not to fight ever.

A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry | Analysis

A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry | Analysis Playwrights of Color A Raisin in the Sun To be young, gifted and black (Lorraine Hansberry) is a phrase which is commonly associated with Lorraine Hansberry, which comes from the collection of autobiographical pieces which were put together by her ex-husband in her honor when she died. Throughout the years, individuals from all walks of life have come to America with dreams of a better life, in many different areas such as social, educational, and economical opportunities as well as political and religious freedoms. With these wishes and dreams, the phrase life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (Mitchell), which to many Americans embodies the American dream, can become a reality or just a harsh reminder of what the American dream stands for because for some it comes true but for many, they are never able to reach their dream. She wrote the play A Raisin in the Sun to show people that supporting friends and family members is important through the hard and trying time. If you are able to work hard and truly believe in you rself, dreams can come true in one form or another. The American dream to each individual, no matter age, race or gender has a different meaning. A Raisin in the Sun is important because it crosses over the continued debate of racial and gender issues which arose during the time this play was written, and even during the present day and age. Lorraine Hansberry was born in Chicago in 1930. Through her earlier years, Hansberrys parents sent her to public school rather than private schools in a protest against the segregation laws. In 1938, the Hansberry family was one of the first African American families to move into an all white neighborhood. After moving in, the neighbors threatened them with violence and legal action, but the Hansberrys would not put up with any of it and Hansberrys father would later bring his case all the way to the Supreme Court. When she finally went to college, she ended up studying at multiple schools including, the University of Chicago; at the Art Institute of Chicago; at the New School of Social Research in New York; in Guadalajara, Mexico; and at the University of Wisconsin(Encyclodpedia of World Biography on Lorraine Vivian Hansberry). While attending college, she saw a school performance of a play by the playwright Sean OCasey and decided to become a writer. In 1950, she ended up dropping out of college and moved to New York. While in New York, she decided to take classes in writing at the New School for Social Research and ended up working as an associate editor of Paul Robesons newspaper/magazine Freedom. During this period of her life, she met many leading African-American intellectuals, activists and famous writers, such as one famous writer, Langston Hughes. In 1953 Hansberry ended up marrying Robert Nemiroff, who was white, also a graduate student in Jewish literature, a songwriter, and took part in participating in the political events of the time at the protesting discrimination at New York University. Nemiroff gained his huge success with his hit song, Cindy, Oh Cindy, and after Nemiroffs success, and Hansberrys many part time jobs, she was able to settle down and devote herself entirely to writing. While writing, it eventually took its form in a play, which came from a poem by Langston Hughes, called Harlem. The success of the play, A Raisin in the Sun, end ed up winning the award for best play of the year, which made Lorraine Hansberry the first African American and the youngest American to win the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. She used her new fame to help bring attention to the American civil rights movement as well as African struggles for independence from colonialism(A Raisin in the Sun). After many years, Hansberry had marital problems with Nemiroff and they decided to divorce in 1964. Hansberry was only able to live long enough to see one other play, besides A Raisin in the Sun, be produced. On January 12, 1965, Hansberry died of pancreatic cancer at the young age of thirty-four. She ended up being one of the first playwrights to portray real African American characters and their struggles in day to day activities of African American life. This was shown in her play by the inspiration of her own familys struggles against the legal battles in segregated housing laws during her childhood. The working title of A Raisin in the Sun was originally The Crystal Stair after a line in an earlier poem by Langston Hughes, who was another African American playwright, poet, novelist, and short story writer. Hansberry ended up changing the title of her play again, after another one of Langston Hughes later poems, which asked: What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-and then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode (Hughes)? Produced and finished in 1957, the play A Raisin in the Sun, was the first drama by a black woman to be produced on Broadway. It took two years after it was finished, on March 1959, for the play to be revealed on Broadway at the Ethyl Barrymore Theater. From there, the Broadway production moved to the Belasco theatre and ran for 530 performances, where it started earning many awards. This play is unique in many aspects and covers many important issues. The play was unique because it was the first play to be produced on Broadway, written and directed by an African American and the first to have an all-black cast. The play gained huge success even though the producer, Phil Rose, had never produced a play, and large investors were initially not interested in it. In all the places the play was shown, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, the audiences absolutely loved it and shortly thereafter it became a huge success. With its huge success and fame, it ended up having a long run in theater a nd was later turned into a movie and after that, was later turned into a Broadway musical. The play, A Raisin in the Sun, is important in many different aspects of everyday life. With Lorraine Hansberry growing up how she did, in the neighborhood and time, she knew all about disappointment, false hope and despair. Hansberrys ancestors also knew about the hard times with exploitations, despair, frustrations and their dreams turning into dreadful nightmares as they came north to hopefully find a better life. Hansberry records the history of her ancestors nightmares in a Raisin in the Sun, by portraying a classic story of the Younger family, struggling to realize their dreams by escaping ghetto life. Hansberrys screenplay shows the story of the Younger family, but it actually reveals the plight of all families and individuals who have at one point experienced or those who are living right now, in despair, have lost hope in their life and have failed dreams and goals. Her immense dedication to this play, gives it its power for all people who read it and for those who end up de aling with it in everyday life. This play is an excellent choice for many different types of classes such as, literature, drama, history and film classes. The play will keep the attention of many different types of people based off of the plays action, dialogue, and cast of dynamic characters which captivate many different types of audiences from high school students through college students up to the adult readers. Young people endure many different frustrations with their lifestyle and rebel against parents which can bring little gratification at times. However, the adolescent who wants to truly believe that dreams do come true and are not made up, comes from the adolescent who is hiding beneath the cynical surface, making the heart beat of the true idealist. Through Hansberrys careful craftsmanship, the universal themes of the importance of dreams and the frustration of dreams deferred, the strength of family, the importance of not selling out, the problems of conflicting expectations, the belief that love and trust will win over deceit and selfishness, and the dangers of prejudice and stereotyping are as powerful today as they were nearly four decades ago when she wrote the play (TeacherVision). Adolescents come from many different families, with different types of problems and family structures, so they need exposure to the values which are shown within a traditional family, and this play delivers that without lecturing or preaching. Another reason A Raisin in the Sun is important is because of its historical value. The play shows the challenges and conflicts by reflecting the provocative natures through the racial attitudes through time, starting around the 1950s making its way to the present. Prejudice is seen in many forms, and the characters in Hansberrys play along with the screenplays visuals bring this theme to life like nothing ever could.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   This play represents life in the racial or ethnic community in many different and unique ways. The play is considered a turning place in American art because it addresses so many important issues and conflicts when this play was produced during the 1950s. The 1950s brought along the stereotypical age of the happy housewives and portrayed the African Americans as being comfortable with their inferior status. These stereotypes resulted in the social resentment that would eventually find public voice in the civil rights movement and importance in later movements such as the feminist movements of the 1960s. The play was also a revolutionary work for its time and can be shown by the way Hansberry created the African American Younger family, by portraying one of the first real and honest depictions of a black family on an American stage.   Usually in a play, groups o r individual African-Americans were always portrayed in the typical ethnic stereotypical roles and were displayed as small and comedic but this play overall portrays a united black family in a realistic light, which ends up being far from the comedic style which most people may think of. Hansberry uses black dialect throughout the play and introduces important issues, questions and concerns which many other families during this time and even during the present day and time run into, such as poverty, discrimination, and the creation of African-American racial identity. This play looks at the racial tensions between the black and white communities in addition to exploring the tensions within the black community itself. This can be shown when the family tries to reach their goals despite the challenges of poverty and racism all around them, by putting a down payment on a house in an all-white suburb neighborhood and shortly after this, the family is hit with racism in an unusual form f rom the white community. Throughout the play, Hansberry asks difficult and thought provoking questions about assimilation and figuring out ones true identity. One way this is shown, is through revealing Beneatha to a trend of celebrating African heritage, through the character of Asagai (her boyfriend and maybe future husband). Another important issue this play represents is how it addresses feminist questions about another important issue, marriage. The topic of marriage comes up for Beneatha in this play towards the end, which Hansberry portrays as not being necessary for all women and that every women should have ambitious career goals instead of giving up on their dreams before they have a chance to fight for their own personal dreams. Hansberry also approaches an abortion debate, which is touched on during a time when abortion was not allowed and is still causing concern and a lot of controversial talk today. Having this play written during the time period and being produced wh en it was, was such a huge success for someone with her status as being young, black and a woman growing up in the 1950s. This showed how much she overcame as a woman, how much people were starting to accept change and how people started understanding important topics which needed to be addressed during this time. No matter the age, race or gender of a person, it shows just how important the idealism of a single persons, race and gender is in the pursuit of dreams and just how crucial dreams are in an individuals life. As the play focuses primarily on dreams and what happens to the dreams in driving and motivating the main characters actions, emotions and feelings throughout the play, it also reveals what happens to people out in the real world. Any negative dreams that happen in an individuals life, no matter the age, gender or race of a person, seem to stem from the fact that people are placing stress and importance on objects rather than on family pride and happiness. Like the ma in point of this play says, if everyone attempts to support and encourage their family, and not only focusing on themselves and being selfless, they can lift each other up and support each other through the toughest of times. This can happen if you never give up hope on each other and never give up on your own dreams.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   This play focuses on major issues such as racism between white and black communities, abortion, marriage, assimilation and finding ones true identity but in the end the play boils down to a timeless point; dreams are what make each person, white or black, push on in life in order to live each day like it was their last. A Raisin in the Sun is central, in the continued debate over racial and gender concerns, making this play a critical cultural document in an essential period of American history. MLA Citation A Raisin in the Sun. 2009. SparkNotes. 15 November 2009 . A Raisin in the Sun. 2000-2009. TeacherVision. 14 November 2009 . A Raisin in the Sun: The Quest for the American Dream. EDSITEment. 4 December 2009 . Encyclodpedia of World Biography on Lorraine Vivian Hansberry. 2005-2006. BookRags. 14 November 2009 . Hughes, Langston. Harlem (A Dream Deferred). Lorraine Hansberry 15 November 2009: 1040. Liukkonen, Petri. Lorraine Hansberry. 2008. 14 November 2009 . Lorraine Hansberry. 15 November 2009: 1037. Mitchell, Diana. A Teachers Guide to Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun. A Teachers Guide to the Signet and Plume Editions of the Screenplay Lorraine Hansberrys Raisin in the Sun. 2 December 2009 . Moon, Andrea and Cathy Hartenstein. A Raisin in the Sun Study Guide. The Cleveland Play House. 4 December 2009 .

Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium Channel Blockers B. Trimble Calcium-channel blockers or calcium antagonist have several possible modes of action in hypertension. In general, these agents block the slow channel in the cell membrane and prevent calcium entry into the cell. This blocking action reduces the mechanical activity of vascular smooth muscle and leads to vasodilation. Another possible mode of action is that they block norepinephrine-mediated vasoconstriction. This may occur because alpha sympathetic vasoconstriction is produced by enhanced calcium influx into the cell. If calcium influx is decreased, then norepinephrine vasoconstriction is reduced. Another system regulated by intracellular calcium is the release of renin by the cells of the kidney. Because calcium-channel blockers inhibit renin release, the renin-angiotensin system may also be suppressed. Calcium-channel blockers prove to be useful in hypertensive patients who also have stable angina and spastic angina (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). The vasodilation properties of calcium-channel blockers lead to a reduction in after-load, and their regional smooth muscle relaxant properties are useful in relieving coronary spasms. Calcium-channel blockers are also useful in treating patients who cannot take beta-blocking agents (Katzung, Mastes, Trevor, 2012). African-American patients may benefit more from CCBs as a first line of hypertensive treatment than others. Grapefruit products should be avoided as they interfere with normal operation of the medication. CCBs can also cause low blood glucose particularly those whose dosage is more than 60 mg daily. CCBs are mainly intended to be used for isolated systolic hypertension, and may be used in combination with other antihypertensive medications such as diuretics and ACE Inhibitors (Frank, 2008). Verapamil hydrochloride (Calan, Isoptin) is given in doses of 240-640 mg daily to control essential hypertension. The oral dose is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and there is a large first-pass hepatic effect. Side effects include constipation, headache, flushing, peripheral edema, and AV nodal effects such as first- and second-degree heart blocks. Verapamil has significant negative inotropic effects and should not be used in patients with congestive heart failure. Verapamil applies antihypertensive results by decreasing systemic vascular resistance usually without orthostatic decreases in blood pressure or response tachycardia. Verapamil reduces arterial pressure at rest and at a given level of exercise by reducing the total peripheral resistance or afterload against which the heart works. The dosage should be titrated for the individual. The usual daily dose of sustained release verapamil, Verelan, is 240 mg daily, however, the initial dosage of 120 mg may be necessary for patients who may have an increased reaction (e.g. Elderly or small people). If adequate control is not obtained with 120 mg, the dose may be titrated in the following manner: 180-240-360-480 mg daily (Chen, et al., 2010). Nifedipine (Procardia) used for essential hypertension the dosage ranges between 10 and 20 mg given three times daily. Doses above 100 mg are not recommended (Chen, et al., 2010). The oral dose is rapidly and fully absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with the drug being metabolized in the liver, highly bound to plasma proteins with a half-life of approximately two hours. Nifedipine is more effective than verapamil in dilating peripheral blood vessels. Side effects include reflex tachycardias, stimulation of SA node, flushing, peripheral edema, and headache. CNS symptoms include tremors, nervousness, and mood changes (Wisloff, et al., 2012). Nifedipine and the other dihydropyridine agents (Norvasc, Caduet, Lotrel, Sular, Calan, Verelan, etc.) are more selective as vasodilators and have less cardiac depressant effect then verapamil and Diltiazem. It is recommended that short acting oral dihydropyridine not be used for hypertension due to the increased risk of myocardial infraction. Oral Nifedipine has been used in emergency treatment of severe hypertension (Chen, et al., 2010). Norvasc is a dihydropyridine; Norvasc usual dosage is 5 to 10 mg daily. Small, fragile, or elderly patients or patients with hepatic insufficiency may be started on 2.5 mg daily and titrated for response (Wisloff, et al., 2012). Diltiazem (Cardizem) dosage is between 30 and 90 mg three to four times daily. It is well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, with onset of action in less than 15 minutes, a peak effect in 30 minutes, and a half-life of approximately four hours. Vasodilation is limited almost exclusively to the coronary arteries. The most common side effects include AV block, dry mouth, headache, vertigo, rash, and edema (Chen, et al., 2010). Diltiazem SR is one of several preferred initial therapies for hypertensive patients with high risk of developing coronary artery disease including those with diabetes mellitus. It can be used as a monotherapy for initial management of uncomplicated hypertension with conventional tablets used three to four doses daily before meals and at bedtime. Again, elderly or smaller persons may require a lower dosage and titrate as needed for response (Frank, 2008). The algorithm for hypertension management according to The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence is as follows: KEY: A= ACE Inhibitor or Angiotensin II (ARB); C= Calcium Channel blocker; D= thiazide-like diuretics Step 1. Under age 55 years Over age 55 or Black person of African or Caribbean family origin of any age (C) Step 2. - (55 yrs.) Step 3. (55yrs) -Step 4. Resistant hypertension (A+C+D+ consider further diuretics OR Alpha blockers or Beta blocker) (The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2011). References Brunton, L., Chabner, B., Knollman, B. (2011). Goodman Gilmans: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (12 ed.). McGraw-Hill. Chen, N., Zhon, M., Yang, M., Guo, J., Zhu, C., Yang, J.,. .. He, L. (2010, August). Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension. doi:10.1002/1465/858.CD003654.pub4 Frank, J. (2008, May). Managing hypertension using combination therapy. American Family Physician, 77(9), 1279-1286. Retrieved from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0501/p1279 Katzung, B., Mastes, S., Trevor, A. (2012). Basic clinical pharmacology (12 ed.). McGraw-Hill. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2011, May 2011). Quick reference guide. Retrieved from NICE Clinical Guidelines: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13561/56015/56015.pdf Wisloff, T., Selmer, R., Halvorsen, S., Fretheim, A., Novhein, O., Kristiansen, I. (2012, April 4). Choice of generic antihypertensive drugs for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseasea cost-effectiveness analysis. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-12-26

Confucianism and the west :: essays research papers

Throughout the course of the first half of the semester we have taken a broad scope of the major aspects of the phenomena that has been the recent history of China. When studying Modern China a common thread of ethical, cultural, religious, political, social, and economic aspects can be analyzed in relationship to Confucianism and its affect on international relations. These aspects show that historically (particularly the nineteenth century) China initially resisted the acceptance of Western influence in order to maintain its high level of uniqueness, isolation, and Confucianism which has bred its prosperity and demise. From its early to modern societies it was abundantly clear that China would be a largely Confucian-based society. Confucianism is a major system of thought in China. Developed from the teachings of Confucius and his disciples, their ideals centered on concern with the principles of good conduct, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships. Confucianism has influenced the Chinese attitude toward life, and set the patterns of living and standards of social value. The keynote of Confucian ethics is jen, variously translated as "love," "goodness," "humanity" and â€Å"respect for your neighbor† (http://www.formosa-kingdom.com/chinese/). Jen is a supreme virtue representing human qualities at their best. In human relations, jen is manifested in chung, or faithfulness to oneself and others. Other important Confucian virtues include righteousness, propriety, integrity, and filial piety. It is in this light that thoughts of Confucius can so la rgely affect all facets of life. Confucianism can affect and determine the ethical viewpoints of entire nations. The ideal social structure of East Asia was that of a Confucian hierarchy followed individually by a strong familial structure. Chinese society was modeled in a true Confucian structure with governmental workers being the elite, followed by the crop producing farmers, then the merchants, and finally soldiers. Chinese ethics place an enormous emphasis upon respect. It was my understanding from discussion and research that a Confucian society is primarily based on honor and the ideology that everything is done in the best interests of the family or society. Confucius states in the first article of his constitution that: â€Å"Harmony should be held a treasure, and the person who eschews selfish opposition should receive honor† (East Asia, pg. 64 from last year). This was the case in the book Thousand Pieces of Gold when a young girl named Lulu virtually sacrifices her entire life for the greater good .

huck finn :: essays research papers

Twain’s â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† was a very enjoyable read. It was my first early American novel and I could not help feel as though I was being swept along the current of the Mississippi sharing in Huck’s adventures. I was fortunate enough to travel to New Orleans a few years ago on my first trip to the American south. Huck’s narrations while powerful in their own right, were that much more meaningful because of my own experiences. While Twain ironically proclaims that there is no theme in the preface, there is a very strong theme that satirically is inescapable in the way society’s rules can stifle individual freedom of expression and thought. While at first I found the diction to be very confusing and even frustrating at times, it later seemed almost vital in order to make the narration believable, controversial, shocking, and powerful. One believes the adventures to be true because we can envision these types of discussions taking place in the mid south at that time. The multitude of adventures, told in the first person in a concise and simplistic manner was very appealing. My own province of Newfoundland has a very rich and distinctive culture, with numerous strong dialects, and storytelling is a very big part of that culture. I like the fact that the novel is controversial, and challenges the mainstream views of society. Many have debated over the years whether Twain’s novel is a masterpiece or subversive trash. It has been argued that it is â€Å"rough, coarse, inelegant, and exerts a dangerous influence on the young.† (Concord, Massachusetts, library committee). However, the reality is this is a part of life whether we like to admit it or not. If one chooses to look beyond the lies, If one chooses to look beyond the lies, bad language and criminal activity what shines through is a strong social messages meant for society as a whole. Many have questioned whether the persistent use of the word â€Å"nigger† makes Huckleberry Finn racist. I think, it has to be put into the context of the entire novel and the underlying theme. The novel portrays the worst society has to offer through the innocent and impressionable eyes of a thirteen year old boy. The book is shocking, the behaviors and attitudes towards a cast society are appalling and shameful, and should be our central focus for debate. While no one today should tolerate the use of the word in a derogatory sense, its use in the novel is vital.

Operational Functions and the 4 P’s of Marketing

Lecture 1: Introduction to Marketing Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customers† requirements profitability. Peter Drucker ‘there is only one valid definition of business purpose: to create a customer†. At its simplest, if you do not have any customers for the product or service your organization offers, then there is no reason for continuing existence. Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production and the interests of the product ought to be attended to only so far as it may be necessary for promoting those of the customer. The operational functions of marketing: sales promotion, advertising, public relations, selling, financing, buying, forecasting, pricing, standardization, publicity, merchandising, market research, transporting, risk-taking, servicing and stockholding. Elements over which organizations have control and which are used to try to influence customers to choose one particular organization in preference to another are generally termed the marketing mix. External factors in the original marketing mix: customer-buying behavior, trade behavior, competitors† position and behavior, government regulations. Originally there are 12 P†s of marketing but this list is not easy to remember and it should be obvious why Jerome McCarthy condensed the 12 items in Borden†s original marketing mix, into 4 major categories popularized the ‘4 Ps†. The internal variables are therefore loosely grouped together under the headings of: product, price, place (the offer mix), and promotion (the promotional mix). While the ‘4 Ps† is a useful framework, a vigorous debate has taken place over the last decade about the dangers of seeing marketing solely as the control of the ‘4 Ps†. In fact it is a trap that tends to make suppliers forget the needs of customers as well as the importance of a mutually beneficial exchange. There is a suggestion of the addition of three other Ps: Probe (research), Partition (segmentation) and Position. Lecture 2. The Marketing Macro Environment. Both of the parties making an exchange are more likely to consider that the exchange has been beneficial when the exchange has been made within the context of what is known as an Open Market. This is a market which has all of the following characteristics: 1 Single homogeneous product, 2 Many buyers, 3 Many sellers, 4 Buyers and sellers have equal access to all available information relevant to the market. All developed societies have similar regulations to regulate legal trade. It is therefore usual for manufacturing and trading organizations to have to comply with such regulations, which effectively constitute one aspect of the environment in which an exchange takes place. These factors are for this reason referred to as the environmental variables of marketing. These are usually labeled the Economic, Social, Technological and Political variables (STEP). Companies should seek to demonstrate good corporate citizenship by upholding the letter and the spirit of the law, and generally behaving in a responsible and responsive manner. Some markets and trades have developed general voluntary codes of conduct and control, supported and monitored by a central membership body. Medicine for example has long been controlled by strict codes of professional behavior. Governments have developed a body of legislation and enforcement frameworks in respect of industry and trade. In particular, the following areas of control are of direct concern to business. 1. Legislation in respect of monopoly and competition standards. In the UK it†s done through the Office of Fair Trading and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. As a full EC member, the UK is also subject to Community provisions in respect of issues: in particular Article 85 of the Treaty of Rome concerns practices hindering competition. 2. Measures to protect consumers, whether as groups, individuals, as users of certain products and services, or particularly as targets for business activities. Relevant legislation has included the Trade Descriptions Act 1973, the Consumer Credit Act 1974, etc. Number of these statutes introduced measures directly relating to marketing practices such as pricing claims, warranties, product quality, etc. The economic environment is a complex network of international, domestic and regional influences and dependencies that shape the market potential facing companies. Company performance itself will depend critically on the quality of preparation and decision making is brought to bear on this potential. The significance of the economic data is that over time they will indicate major economic developments of direct interest to marketers. Such ‘economy-watching† may enable the vigilant company to respond in time to scenarios such as following: 1.Recession. A downturn in economic activity of variable intensity. Usual indicators will be a fall or leveling in GNP, GDP, household income, etc. Rises will be recorded in measures such as stock, unemployment and company bankruptcies. 2.Recovery. The opposite of the above. Marketers in some sectors will benefit from an early upturn in sales. Major upturns in economic activity may result in ‘overheating† with higher costs and prices. 3.Inflation. Rising prices may be associated with buoyant conditions, demand growth and shortages. Economic policies are likely in future to be more directly influenced by multilateral agencies and agreements (UN) and the expansion of common market blocs such as the EC. Culture within any society id the complex of elements that reflect the society†s beliefs and values, preferences and behavioral norms. For marketer it is necessary to understand that culture will vary within and between societies, so those cultural norms may vary between countries, regions and culture groups. Factors, which distinguish a society, change very slowly, as they are the products of family upbringing, the education system, national history and political development, religion, etc. Environmental awareness is an interesting reflection of how society-wide concerns have delivered a powerful message to governments and business leaders. Technology is the touchstone of economic progress, a leading source of competitive advantage commercially and an indispensable part of everyday lifestyle for the modern consumer. To illustrate the competitive force wielded by technology, it is worth observing that many manufactures have been affected by technology developments remote from their own field. Major sectors of the metalworking industry were obsolete by the developments of digital electronics. Eg typewriters. Technological developments decrease the price of production. Technologies have also enabled an increase in the variety of products available to customers. The marketing environment comprises the playing field upon which competitive marketing takes place. Companies need to monitor and decide rational responses to changes in the environment in order to win their colors. There are three types of companies: those who make things happen; those who watch things happen; and those who wonder what happened. Lecture 3: Markets and Market Segmentation. 1.A market is an aggregate of people who as individuals or organizations have needs for products in a particular product class and who have the ability, willingness and the authority to pay. – Consumer – where purchasing is done by private or group of individuals. – Industrial – products and services are bought for one of 3 specific uses: 1- resale, 2- producing other products, 3- products used in general eg administration, computers. 3.Differentiated markets. – Consumer needs are not the same: – homogenous, differentiated. Undifferentiated market – all needs are the same 4.Criteria for effective segmentation – measurable, – economically variable. Geographic – geographic position on the globe. Demographic – basis for the collection of many government statistics and the standard system used by the media industry. Includes age, sex, family cycle, and socioeconomic segmentation.

Amusement Parks Essay

At Six Flags on Friday July 19, 2013 a woman was riding the Texas Giant rollercoaster when she fell out of her restraints. Carmen Brown, a witness, says that the woman had asked the staff to check her restraints shortly before the ride was starting. The gentleman that she had asked asked the woman if she heard the restraints click, the woman responded saying it didn’t sound like everyone else’s. The gentleman then, nonchalantly, told her that as long as it clicked it was okay. Nothing else was ever done to ensure the woman’s restraints were secure. Some witnesses have reported that as the rollercoaster was making a turn the woman was thrown out. The name of the victim and any further information has not been released. It is suspected that the woman was with her son. When the train had returned from the ride, it was reported that two people were shouting, one was screaming â€Å"My mom† â€Å"My mom†. The rollercoaster staff parked the train far enough away from the platform so no one was allowed get off of the train. www.dallasnews.com Due to the traumatic experience and people fearing the safety of the rides at Six Flags, the company will probably lose a good portion of money because people will not want or continue going to their park. This accident has caused an unexpected economic change in not only Six Flags but in all other amusement parks as well. Society will now have this negative view on amusement parks which means, for a little while at least, they will not want to go to the parks. This will cause the parks income to decline which can be very bad for the company, especially for Six Flags, who declared bankruptcy in 2009. When society loses trust in something they will usually pull back their economic support, leaving companies with fewer customers. It is important that companies and organizations remember that they have to keep the customer happy and safe. If not they will no longer have any customers. The majority of the people that witnessed the tragic event of the woman falling to her death due to a mechanical issue will probably no longer return to the park and they will likely have a large influence on their friends and family to not trust the park as well.

Analysis of a news story Essay

The article that I am analysing shows how a newspaper presents a story. The article I am studying is about ‘The War on Terror’ the article, being about a man named Kerim Chatty, whom was caught, whilst under a routine security check, with a gun in his wash bag was published in The Sun paper. Kerim Chatty is believed to have been planning on hi-jacking the flight air-born from Sweden to England, Stanstead. The Sun paper is a tabloid, which is more suited to people who enjoy reading ‘dramatic’ and ‘over-exaggerated stories. ‘ The Sun is aimed at people who prefer ‘easier reading. ‘ By this I mean that the papers stories are short, too the point and simple. The newspaper has sensational stories, which attract readers between the age group of 16-30. The tabloid uses interesting pictures and eye catching headlines. Also by using emotive language, it grabs the readers’ attention. The headline consists of the title ‘War on Terror,’ as the reader I was attracted to this article immediately as I wanted to see what it is about. The sub-heading reads, ‘Face of Jet Hi-jack Thug’ this is where the story begins. A good publisher knows that you should never tell your audience what the piece of writing is about, in the headings because if you do then they may not want to continue reading your story. The first sub-heading is used to briefly tell the reader of what is going on. The following sub-heading leads you onto more information, but still doesn’t give the story up. ‘Violent Crook Obsessed by Weapons. ‘ By using emotive language such as; crook, obsessed and thug, the readers build a self image of Kerim Chatty as being even more of a criminal and horrid man, this is what the tabloid paper wants you to do. The first section of the article is based on the hi-jacker and what he had done and in the main picture it shows the scene of the crime. The picture has a lot going on it; you can see the hi-jacker with his weapon, walking towards the armed police who appear ready for any sudden action from the hi-jacker. Also in the background of the picture you can see the hi-jacked plane, from a leading company Ryannair. There is a smaller caption below with a clear face of Chatty; this is put there so the readers can see who the hi-jacker is. Analysing the Picture If I saw the picture of the man without knowing he had committed an offence, I wouldn’t look at him as though he was a ‘thug’ or ‘crook’ instead Id see him as being a perfectly normal guy, who could of maybe been in the paper having been involved in a racist attack.. Below the picture of Chatty is a caption stating: ‘Gangster†¦. Kerim Chatty’ Once you see this you start to imagine an evil side to him and then turn against him. Emotive Language & Formal Language The paper immediately wants the reader to turn against Kerim, even before they manage to read the whole article, so emotive language is used to slip in words such as Crook, Thug, Violent, Obsessed and Gangster to enhance the stories features. The Sun uses informal language such as; Cops and Common Nuts! The more informal the English is the easier the article is to read and understand. ‘Simple Reading’ is what I believe The Sun is known well for. Summary: The presentation of the story is smart and The Sun did very well to express and explain the story. It has done well on telling the story, using typical tabloid tools. I don’t think Kerim Chatty, would really appreciate how The Sun have spoke about him and no doubt some of it may not be true. The Sun is a good tabloid newspaper but the stories are exaggerated in a big way, although the exaggeration does bring excitement to the story, Kerim probably wouldn’t enjoy reading it.