The Almost Moon Review Essay Example

The Almost Moon Review Paper Essay on The Almost Moon The woman who wrote about a little dead girl, came new. Apparently Little Dead Girl (novel The Lovely Bones) and remains the apex of her work. This book is built on the same pattern as the previous two. In the first line there is uzhos, and further to 300 pages, with step by step digressions into the past of heroes, this uzhos resolve. Written with the same weird humility and tranquility writes about pain, death and tragic childhood experiences. Perhaps she believes that God is love and He is everywhere. Uzhos lying on the first page, is that the main character for no reason at all kills his elderly mother. Then during the day she was hiding from the police and recalls the details of his life how lifelong hated her mother; that the mother was mentally ill, and left the house only covered with a blanket (agoraphobia), that his father committed suicide, divorce her husband and various other troubles. However, in fairness it must be said that no one had beaten and raped. We will write a custom essay sample on The Almost Moon Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Almost Moon Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Almost Moon Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In general, exaggerated to much much more, my parents never did not like me. A secret it is not treated As for the main character, you do not need to put two and two together, to guess that with the inheritance case it is bad and with the head of everything is not in order, that actually. She explains her act. No remorse she feels, on the contrary, tells everyone how she loved her mother. Toward the end she really going to shoot, but quickly leaves this idea, imbued with a dream about how to come out of prison and will give pensioners watercolor lessons. How cute. . Curtain What Dostoevsky whats Camus P **** n the book lies in the thought: Does it make any difference to the police that my mother was so old? Is there something special about this one breaks in sentencing? She did so and almost died ..

7 Ways to Improve your Creativity and Become a Better Writer by lauren Gartner

7 Ways to Improve your Creativity and Become a Better Writer 7 Ways to Improve your Creativity and Become a Better Writer If you are a writer, creativity is your lifeblood. It does not matter if you write fiction, advertising copy, news articles, technical and training materials, or text books. The writing process still requires you to think of new and different ways to communicate thoughts, information, and experiences to your readers. If you struggle with what to write next, or if you feel as if you are constantly writing the same thing over and over again, you probably need a creativity boost. When many writers are stuck in this sort of rut, they focus on methods of developing creativity that only focus on writing. Many of these are great (we’ll cover a few below), however, if you want to truly improve your creativity, you have to take a holistic approach. This means becoming a more creative person overall. Because getting started on this journey can be so difficult, here are 7 ways that you can boost your creativity. 1. Drop the Idea that Creativity must Result in a Product If you give up any creative suit the moment you realize that you will not end up with a tangible product, you will never improve your creativity. Developing and improving your creativity is a process. Improving your creativity requires immersing yourself in that process without being concerned about the final results. Try thinking of it like this; an experienced and gifted painter can effortlessly produce a beautiful painting and use little to no creativity while doing so. An inexperienced artist can spend an hour or more using lots of creative energy just conceptualizing a painting and doing some rough drawings. 2. Wake up Early and try Morning Pages The idea of  morning pages  is to wake up each morning and write three pages in longhand. The idea behind this is to simply write without self-editing or being concerned with the final product. Spelling, grammar, voice, and sequence should be the last thing on your mind while you do this. Whatever thoughts, ideas, words, fragments, sentences that come to you, go directly down on paper. Some people believe that it is the writing that builds creativity. Other people believe that this is essentially an information dump that gives room for new creative focus. 3. Indulge your Curiosity How many times in a day do you become curious about something, ‘I wonder how they do that?’, ‘where does this come from?’, ‘who designed that building I drive by every day?’, ‘what was the name of that book?’. How often do you allow yourself the time to pursue those questions? If you brush your own curiosity aside in order to deal with more practical matters, you are doing yourself a major disservice. Pursuing creativity, even if you feel that the subject is trivial opens your mind to new ideas and information. 4. Schedule time to be Creative How can you develop your creativity and become a better writer if you won’t even pencil in time for creativity into your weekly schedule? Give yourself time to work on creative projects each week. 5. Remember that Creativity is not a Talent Creativity is a  learned skill. Developing the creativity you need to become a better writer means that you have to you have to put in work. Natural creativity is a myth as is the idea that a person is simply not creative. 6. Attend Creative Events Visit art museums. Go to concerts. Go to conventions. Invite your friends and drink wine and sculpt or paint in a public art studio! Attend a poetry slam. 7. Try a Different kind of Writing Every once in a while, switch things up and do a bit of writing in a genre or category that isn’t in your wheel house. If you write non-fiction, try writing a poem. If your focus is short stories, try writing a review of the last restaurant you visited. You’ll use different vocabulary when you do this, and you’ll engage different parts of your mind.

Report on the company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Report on the company - Essay Example By the very essence of its existence, the Coca-Cola Company definitely has stakeholders. This paper will analyse the stakeholders of the Coca-Cola Company and how they are affected by the company as well as how they affect the organization. The Coca-Cola Company is an American company that has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. The company was established in 1886 by John Pemberton and Asa Griggs Candler (Coca-Cola 2014). The company has a presence in many countries, estimated to be over 200, including the U.S., Britain, Canada, South Africa, Kenya, among numerous other countries. By the fact of its presence in several countries, the company is a multi-national. The business entity is a public limited liability company and has its shares traded in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The company has well over 500 brands to its name, its main brand being the Coca-Cola drink (or simply, Coke) (Coca-Cola 2014). The company makes, sells, and distributes soft drinks including Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid Juices, Dasani mineral water, orange juice, and different brands of coffee and tea, to name a few (Coca-Cola 2014). It is estimated that worldwide, people consume at least 1.5 billion servings of one brand or another of the Coca-Cola Company every single day (Edinburgh Evening News 2010). Beyond any doubt the high level of consumption of Coca-Cola brands translates to high turnovers and profits for the company. In 2010, the company earned in excess of 10 billion Euros in the U.K. alone (Edinburgh Evening News 2010). The company is a strong brand, the reason it has several franchises across the world. In fact, most of the sales and profits that the company gets credited for come from the franchises. Some of the main stakeholders of an organization include the owners/shareholders, government, customers, community members, employees, and management (BBC 2014). Like many other

Criminology and criminal justice studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminology and criminal justice studies - Essay Example This essay investigates the organized deviance as revealed in the activities of a gang named Aggi Crew in St. Paul’s area of Bristol. This was a notorious drug-peddling gang whose members sometimes involved in street brawls with rival gangs in the area. Their dastard actions have sometime invited armed police to be constantly station on St. Paul with the intention of preventing the gangsters from flouting laws and terrorise innocent citizen in the area (BBC, 2003). Though some of the gang’s activities would be explained here, however, the central goal of this paper is to detail the appropriate responses from the concerned criminal justice systems. member’s surname. The gang’s main activity is to peddle drugs locally in the areas of Bristol. Sometimes they were engaged in street fights with rival gangs. What made the Bristol residents unsettled and greatly worried about Aggi Crew was the fact that they had had deadly weapons and guns in their possessions. They had also been involved in armed robbery at the famous White and Black Cafà ©, a place that was rumored to be the melting-pot for both drug buyers and sellers (Thompson, 2003). Judging by the explosion of gangsters’ criminal activities in Britain, the question every thoughtful person may want to ask is: are there any legal provisions to combat this plague of violent gang crime in the United Kingdom? Critically, there are some laws and statutes of Her Majesty that are enacted for the purpose of preventing all kinds of crime in Britain, including drug and violent crimes mostly committed by gangs. Incidentally, Misuse of Drug Act 1971 is meant to discourage the use, sale and spread of harmful drugs like cocaine, heroin and other stimulants; The Firearms Act 1968 totally discourages the use of firearms for the purpose of causing harm and damage to other people and their properties; Criminal Justice Act 2003establishes the modalities

Impact of the Media on the Development of a Child Research Paper

Impact of the Media on the Development of a Child - Research Paper Example The teens have invaded the media in droves and according to the recent research, they constitutes almost seventy percentages of the users especially in internet and broadcast media, the big question is whether the media is contributing positively in the development of this cadre of population. Certainly, the answer is no, it is now apparent that the media particularly the internet has made the moral turpitude of the teens to be put to doubts and ascertained that this is the avenue through which they explore and practice illicit behaviors. Media’s Contribution in development of the Teens It is not accurate to state that media does not have any meaningful contribution in the lives of teens. It is true that it does influence many things with positive outcomes, an example of the case in the US where adolescent obesity has been mitigated through the media (Ford 11). Notwithstanding, when critically assessed it will be found that media has also contributed negatively in the lives of the teens by exposing them to issues related to sex, an example is the phonographic videos in the internet. Teens have also fallen into the trap of engaging in the illicit activities following the kind of advertisement they are accorded in the media. The media is thus an area where both positives and negatives conducts are drawn by the teens. Positive Attributes of the Media on teens Development The media has significantly contributed to the positive development of the teens in several ways helping them to achieve their life objectives. These positive impacts of media to the teens include academic improvements, growth of a reading a culture and networking. Academic Improvement According to research, it has been proven that the teens with computer and laptops in their room demonstrate remarkable improvement in their performance in academic work. This is attributed to the fact that by having computers, they not only have the ease to reach information through the internet but also get motivated and spend more hours reading information in the internet. Television show are also rated to have the best educational session on several issues that even the parent might not be having good grasp of knowledge about. In a close supervision then, television can prove to be one of the best informative media on relevant issues to the teens; an example is the show by Dr Oz and Oprah (Ford 17). Inculcation of the Reading Culture and Networking It is certain that our reading culture is threatened with the technological advancement today, as most of the teens demonstrate a very poor reading culture that needs to be reinforced. The print media that details several issues that takes place around the world is rejuvenating this culture. Through the magazines, journals that discuss the topical issues, the teens are fond of extracting the information in them through reading and this is helping in realizing the culture of reading. The internet on the other hand, provides the teens with a faster and safe way of interaction and can have the opportunity to share on some of the issues that interest them with whomsoever they choose around the world (Ford 20). Therefore, parents should then ensure that their children do not fall a prey to the other sides of the media that bears contrary impact. This precautionary measure ensures that the teens do not succumb to the disturbances, obsessions, depressions, and mental deterioration characterized with dwindling academic performance. Negative Attributes of the Media to the Teens Several studies have indicated that teens who demonstrate

Online Shopping Environments In Developing Countries

Online Shopping Environments In Developing Countries Chapter 1: Introduction and context The emergence of online shopping as an alternative to the traditional shopping model has become a global phenomenon. According to Karake-Shalhoub Qasimi (2006: 4), consumers in both the developed and developing countries have moved with speed and glee to take up this opportunity to enhance the shopping experience and benefit from the ensuing benefits. In spite of the growing number of internet users and frequency of internet use among the current users, there exist variations on the global scale, with most of these variations closely related to the intrinsic features of the local environment. In a study by Alam, et al. (2008), over 600 million individuals have used this model; with the e-commerce market having surpasses $228bn as at 2007, with the projections for placing the figure at $320bn. The increased usage of online shopping is clearly written in the features of the model, with the advantages cutting across shoppers of all ages and demographics. In most cases socio-economic, cultural, political and infrastructural aspects of the environment contributes to the trajectory taken by the spread of online shopping by consumers within a specific geographical location. Studies by Zwass (1999); Wolcott, et. al. (2001) and Travica (2002) cited in Efendioglu, Yip Murray (n.d), indicated that infrastructural differences were the main sources of disparity between the consumption of online shopping services across difference environments. Other studies (Mcknight et al, 1998 and Lee Turban, 2001) have indicated that the cultural and socio-economic factors that have significant influence on online shopping with far reaching impact on the uptake of online shopping by the consumers in the developing countries. In this study, we take an insightful research into the online shopping environment in the developing countries. Environmental factors have a significant influence on the attitudes and behaviors of consumers, and the main focus of the investigation will be environment in china and how its influence on the online shopping aspects of the Chinese population. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research will depict the acceptance and diffusion of online shopping in China. Research aims and objectives The research objective was the exploration of the facets of the environment in china, with a critical investigation of their influence on online shopping. Just like in any other developing country, there are numerous factors that influence the choice of shopping model, with the availability of online shopping facilities being the most prominent. As a result, this study will depict the environmental factors that influence the consumption of internet services as well as the factors influencing the decision of sellers and retailers to offer online shopping services. The most prominent research questions include: * How online shopping environment affects customers behaviour? * How online shopping can contribute to promoting social and economic development? * In China and other developing countries, what problems are online shopping have and how to improve it? Chapter 2: Literature review The growing demand for better services by both consumers and shoppers have driven retailers and sellers to invent an endless number of models, each bearing a certain set of advantages of the preceding one. According to research by Alam Yasin (2010), success in rolling out online shopping facilities is depended on the acceptability of these factors, availability of enabling infrastructures and technical elements as well as positive customer attitude towards the internet as an avenue towards satisfaction of certain needs and wants. According to Alam Yasin (2010) the overriding need to ensure customer satisfaction as a way of enhancing customer loyalty remains the most prominent reason behind implementation of strategies in a business. Online shopping, just the traditional model, relies on the ability of the seller to attract and retain customers, thereby augmenting his returns. In most developing countries, the consumption of IT is complicated and hampered by the concentration of SMEs, which remain unviable options for online shopping as indicated by Olajubu, Afolabi Ajayi (2009). In the business-to-customer (B2C) model, online shopping culminates in the purchasing, selling and exchange of products facilitated by computer networks (internet), with electronic settlement of the transactions. Numerous models have been proposed to aid in analysis of consumer behavior in response to introduction of novel ICT structures. The most common include Rogers Diffusion model (Lawson, 2000), the perceived characteristics of innovation (Sideridis, 2010: 67), the reason action theory, the planned behavior theory (Mendes et al, 2004: 58) and the model for technological acceptance (Liu Ye, 2001: 336). Infrastructural aspects of online shopping have a significant influence on the ability of individuals to access the goods and complete the transactions as indicated by Teo, Wang, Leong, (2004). In the developing countries, economic development or underdevelopment has significantly contributed to the slow uptake of online shopping as an option, with most individuals preferring the traditional model. The lack of connectivity and communication infrastructure necessary for implementation of online services by the shoppers limits their choices, while making it an unviable option since only a small number of individuals will be willing and able to utilize the model in most cases, online shopping in developing counties has surfaced as a strategy for a select few categories of goods, limited to a small number of locations where the consumption of internet is significantly reliable. Even in those location, most individuals have not yet fully grasped and appreciated the intricacies of online shopping, thereby leading to the part-consumption of the service. As indicated by Wang (2003) the key determinants of success or failure depends on the quality of the services on offer and value-addition capabilities of the model in application. In addition to price and online presence, online shoppers are also in search for quality services, and a reason not to prefer the traditional shopping model over the online model. This originates from change in the attitudes of the individuals towards online shopping, mainly hinged on the ensuing trust on the part of the customers (Lee Turban, 2001). The numerous barriers to development of trust in the business to customer platform are closely related to the online shopping environment, which originated from the differences in both models as observed by Wang (2003). The environmental factors to be concern about include the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental issues (Teo, Wang, Leong, 2004). Each of these factors has an overriding influence on the ability of consumers to utilize the internet for shopping as well as the availability of the goods online. The unavailability of case work and sufficient information to base the assessments regarding the spread in online shopping and retailing is the most prominent hindrance as observed by Findlay, Paddison Dawson (1990: 106) Developing countries have found it necessary to embrace technology as a way of measuring up to the steepening competition on the global scale. The increased competition by the global business unit has made it necessary for every business to avoid passing up on any opportunity to increase and retain its market share. As a result, it has become common for retailers and sellers to avail any kind of service to the consumers, in order to improve their current and future earnings. According to, online shopping is not a silver bullet to improvement in earnings. As indicated by the numerous failed ventures and organizations which relied on online shopping as a core strategic move to improve earnings, there is more to offering the goods and service online. According to Kamel (2006: 70), technological aspects of online shopping are a major aspect of the online shopping environment. Over the past decade, the number of individuals using the internet for day to day chores has increased tremendously, making it impossible for most individuals to operate without the internet. In the developing countries, investment in online service and communication infrastructure is still in its initial stages. However, the number of individuals consuming internet services grows by the day and for a country like China, it is true to postulate that there are a substantial number of internet users to warrant investment on e-commerce by businesses. In addition to shopping for goods and services, numerous individuals will be searching for information, making it a widely used service. The quality of online services such as website features (Shergill Chen, 2005) and home page design (Ho Wu, 1999) were observed to influence the consumers ability to choose online shopping. Political factors also influence the spread of online shopping practices in a developing country. Political structures influence the trajectory of development and availability of resources as well as public policy, which affects the availability of investments in the necessary sectors. As a result, political influence is a major contributor to prevalence of online shopping in a country, especially the developing countries where political structures are either underdeveloped or absent completely. As observed by Wilson (III.) (2004: 223 )â€Å"the new technologies have influenced social behavior, accelerated entrepreneurism, enhanced transparency and promoted new ideas.yet the market is substantially driven by competitive jockeying among powerful groups in agencies, ministries, government-owned companies and private bodies, including ISPs and ICPS.† Their influence on the spread of online shopping is undeniable, with the supply-side and demand factors culminating from their acti ons. Social factors influence the attitudes and perception of individuals. According to Efendioglu, Yip Murray (n.d), the long-standing preference of off-line transaction systems have a significant influence on the ability of individuals to migrate to the online facilities. Having served the needs of most individuals for long these off-line models, such as telephone and catalogue sales pose a threat to the implementation of the online shopping owing to their ability to provide the same level of perceived utility, in addition to having inculcated transition trust and the opportunity to socialize, as it is customary in China and other developing countries. As a result, the robotization of the shopping process is bound to conflict with the contemporary perception of the shopping process. According to McKinnon et al (2010: 327), success depends on establishment of online presence by the prospective consumers, and consequently adoption of the new shopping model. Chakrabati (2002: 81) posited that not all goods were suited for online shopping. The type of products on offer and on demand also influenced the spread of online shopping. The Study by Kamel (2006: 66) revealed that developing countries only account for 18.5% of the digitized information, which is small percentage as compared to the rest of the world. Consumption of infrastructural components has an influence on the environment, owing to the increased generation of e-waste (Zwass, 1996). Lack of disposal mechanisms of such wastes in addition to the increased need for energy to power the systems is bound to influence the environment. With each home having an internet connection, there originates the need for increased generation of energy thereby necessitating development of policies to address the environmental impact. Karake-Shalhoub Qasimi (2006: 209) and Kamel (2006: 71) noted that the legal quagmires facing cyber space still dog the developing countries, where legal systems are faced with numerous challenges. The inability to develop sufficient laws regarding conduct in cyber space to match the laws govern the real space is directly attributable to the inability of most individuals to take up online shopping as a viable alternative to traditional shopping. According to Wilson (III) (2004: 300) and Anwer et al. (2010) the unique nature of the internet presents real challenges even for developed countries, with policy agenda lacking with regard to privacy, security, protection of online consumers, electronic signatures, domestic and international trade as well as taxation matters. Chapter 3: Methodology The research will comprise of a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through the use of a 25-question questionnaire, data will be gathered from a selected sample of 200 individuals. The data gathered will be analyzed through statistic means and presented in both tabular and graphical terms. Inferences from the data will be used in the generation of findings and conclusions. Chapter 4ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Practicalities The developing economies form a significant portion of the global market place. The immense number of consumers presents a potential market for goods and services, from both developed and developing markets. Rational consumers in search of maximization of utility are bound to prefer the most efficient model and the source of value addition, thereby making it imperative to understand the intrinsic nature of online shopping and the environment in developing countries. This research will present an insight into the challenges and successes of introducing online shopping to China, classified as a developing country, with sufficient data and information to provide guidelines applicable to other developing countries. The inferences and recommendations originating from this research are adaptable to other developing countries with slight customization to cater for differences in environments in the countries in question. Chapter 5ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ethical aspects Owing to the necessity for human participation in the research, ethical issues arose regarding the conduct of the data collection process as well as the use of the findings from the study. As a rule, any data, information and assertions made by the targeted sample was to be used solely for the current project with strict privacy rules. The data collected through questionnaires was to be done on a basis of anonymity of the individuals, thereby making it impossible to tie the responses to a specific individual. Since the assertions made in the study were to be utilized in formulation of conclusions and recommendation, it was deemed representative of the situation and true to the knowledge of the individual. For this reason, the study was to be carried under strict adherence to the Universitys policy regarding research involving Human Participants, data and Tissue.

Competitive Analysis - Car Wash Industry Essay -- Business Analysis

Introduction The task of this assignment is to complete a competitive analysis of two of the largest competitors in the industry of chosen study. This researcher’s chosen field is the Car Wash industry. Unlike many industries, the Car Wash industry does not have dominant players or franchise names that rule across the country. Unlike other automobile related industries such as oil change (Rapid Oil Change), tires and batteries (Goodyear), and auto parts retailers (NAPA), where these types of name players may have thousands of locations throughout the country, there are no big name players in the Car Wash industry. Although there are companies that own and operate multiple car wash facilities, most of these multi-location owners operate multiple locations throughout a metropolitan or regional area and their overall location totals are nominal. Since there is a lack of dominant competitors to analyze, this researcher will focus on an analysis between the two main categories of car wash ownership: full service vs. unattended operations. Industry Overview and Description The Car Wash industry began to start and grow across the U.S. after the conclusion of World War II. America’s economic rebirth and prosperity created a boom in the housing and automobile industry. What began as a business to satisfy Americans’ love of the automobile has grown over the past several decades into an international industry. From washing one’s car in the driveway with a water hose and bucket of soapy water, to the do-it-yourself, unattended coin operated high-pressure wand locations, to today’s professional car washing businesses which feature complex automatic equipment and technological systems to wash cars more safely and effectively than ... ...ion wash bays are a huge competitive risk as these gas retailers usually offer discounted car washes with the purchase of gasoline. For the full-service wash model, they too have to be in tune with cheaper and less service options as in challenging economies, their services become more difficult to justify for the consumer who is worried about income. Competitive rivalry, threat of substitution, and threat of new entry are the forces that the full-service model is at most risk with. Poor service reputation and lack of a strong value proposition puts this car wash model at serious risk of substitution. The treat of new entry for both business models can be significant as there are many new innovations in car wash businesses such as mobile wash stations and new and used car dealerships that are adding this business in what has been a very difficult car economy.

Schooling for Children with Special Needs: Education

For the well-being of their children with disabilities or special needs, parents are often faced with the difficult decision of whether to attempt to integrate the child into a public school system or send him or her to a special school. Before the Education for All Handicapped Children Act or Public Law (PL) 94/142 was enacted in 1975, public schools educated only 1 out of 5 children with disabilities.This act required all public schools accepting federal funds, to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. This education was to free, in the least restrictive environment and appropriate to their individual needs. The act also required that school districts provide administrative procedures so that parents of disabled children could dispute decisions made about their children’s education. The ultimate goal was to help students live more independent lives in their communities.Mainstreaming or inclusion in the context of education is a term that refers to the practice of educating students with special needs in regular classes during specific time periods, with supplementary aids and services if needed, based on their skills. This means regular education classes are combined with special education classes. Schools that practice mainstreaming believe that special needs students who cannot function in a regular classroom to a certain extent â€Å"belong† to the special education environment.Segregation or confinement in education refers to the catering to students with special educational needs, in a special school e. g. because of learning difficulties or physical disabilities. This means the individual placed in this environment is systematically monitored by teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings and other interventions designed to help them achieve their goals. Many writers have voiced there opinion, through their pen, on whether a special ed. tudent should be educated i n a special setting or be mainstreamed/included in the general/public schools. One writer’s view is that â€Å"Separate is not equal, and it certainly is not better†. Simply stated, he is saying when students with special needs are separated they do not get the opportunity for socializing in or with the community, a skill that will assist them to become productive members of society (Spitzer-Resnick). Witt, another writer said the disabled student should learn alongside his non-disabled classmates as often as possible (Witt 2003).

Definition and Examples of Nominalization in Grammar

Definition and Examples of Nominalization in Grammar In English grammar, nominalization is a type of word formation in which a verb or an adjective (or another part  of speech) is used as (or transformed into) a noun. The verb form is nominalize. It is also called nouning. In transformational grammar, nominalization refers to the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause. In this sense, an example of nominalization is the destruction of the city, where the noun destruction corresponds to the main verb of a clause and the city to its object (Geoffrey Leech, A Glossary of English Grammar,  2006). Examples and Observations English is truly impressive . . . in the way it lets you construct nouns from verbs, adjectives, and other nouns; blogger and blogosphere are examples. All you have to do is add one of an assortment of suffixes: -acy (democracy), -age (patronage), -al (refusal), -ama (panorama), -ana (Americana), -ance (variance), -ant (deodorant), -dom (freedom), -edge (knowledge), -ee (lessee), -eer (engineer), -er (painter), -ery (slavery), -ese (Lebanese), -ess (laundress), -ette (launderette), -fest (lovefest), -ful (basketful), -hood (motherhood), -iac (maniac), -ian (Italian), -ie or -y (foodie, smoothy), -ion (tension, operation), -ism (progressivism), -ist (idealist), -ite (Israelite), -itude (decripitude), -ity (stupidity), -ium (tedium), -let (leaflet), -ling (earthling), -man or -woman (Frenchman), -mania (Beatlemania), -ment (government), -ness (happiness), -o (weirdo), -or (vendor), -ship (stewardship), -th (length), and -tude (gratitude). . . . At the present moment, everybody seems to be going a bit nuts with noun creation. Journalists and bloggers seem to believe that a sign of being ironic and hip is to coin nouns with such suffixes as -fest (Google baconfest and behold what you find), -athon, -head (Deadhead, Parrothead, gearhead), -oid, -orama, and -palooza. (Ben Yagoda, When You Catch an Adjective, Kill It. Broadway, 2007) Nominalization in Scientific and Technical Writing The forces which operate to encourage nominalization are understandable. Dealing continually in concepts, scientific and technical writers tend to isolate activities such as experimenting, measuring, and analysing as abstract conceptual units in their minds. They are also pushed towards passive constructions, both by tradition and by their own desire to step aside and allow their work to speak for itself. These forces produce characteristic constructions such as: A similar experiment was carried out using the material . . .Sigma preparation was carried out as described . . . So common has carried out become as a general purpose verb that it is a recognized marker of scientific reporting, and television news bulletins commonly adopt the construction when reporting scientific work. . . .Once recognized, nominalization is easy to correct. Whenever you see general-purpose verbs such as carry out, perform, undertake, or conduct look for the word which names the action. Turning the name of the activity back into a verb (preferably active) will undo the nominalization, and make the sentence more direct and easier to read.(Christopher Turk and Alfred John Kirkman, Effective Writing: Improving Scientific, Technical, and Business Communication, 2nd ed. Chapman Hall, 1989) The Dark Side of Nominalization It’s not just that nominalization can sap the vitality of one’s speech or prose; it can also eliminate context and mask any sense of agency. Furthermore, it can make something that is nebulous or fuzzy seem stable, mechanical and precisely defined. . . .Nominalizations give priority to actions rather than to the people responsible for them. Sometimes this is apt, perhaps because we don’t know who is responsible or because responsibility isn’t relevant. But often they conceal power relationships and reduce our sense of what’s truly involved in a transaction. As such, they are an instrument of manipulation, in politics and in business. They emphasize products and results, rather than the processes by which products and results are achieved. (Henry Hitchings, The Dark Side of Verbs-as-Nouns. The New York Times, April 5, 2013) Types of Nominalization Nominalization types differ according to the level of organization at which the nominalization takes place (see also Langacker 1991). . . . [T]hree types of nominalizations can be distinguished: nominalizations at the level of the word (e.g. teacher, Sams washing of the windows), nominalizations which nominalize a structure that lies in between a verb and a full clause (e.g. Sams washing the windows) and, finally, nominalizations consisting of full clauses (e.g. that Sam washed the windows). The latter two types deviate from the normal rank scale of units in that they represent nominals or phrases which consist of clausal or clause-like structures. They have therefore been regarded as problematic, and it has even be claimed that that-structures are not nominalizations (e.g., Dik 1997; McGregor 1997). (Liesbet Heyvaert, A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Nominalization in English. Mouton de Gruyter, 2003) Nominalizations properly refer to third-order entities, e.g. Cooking involves irreversible chemical changes, in which cooking refers to the process as a generic type, abstracted from a particular token instance at a specific time. A second kind of nominalization involves reference to second-order entities. Here reference is to particular countable tokens of processes, e.g. The cooking took five hours. The third kind of nominalization has been called improper (Vendler 1968). This refers to first-order entities, things with physical substance and often extended in space, e.g. I like Johns cooking, which refers to the food which results from the cooking, (the RESULT OF ACTION AS ACTION metonymy). (Andrew Goatly, Washing the Brain: Metaphor and Hidden Ideology. John Benjamins, 2007)

Extensive Manual on Classic English Literature Research Paper

Extensive Manual on Classic English Literature Research Paper When you’re writing an essay on literature, you use more the skills of a reader. Of course, there has to be some analysis present, deep enough to answer the main question. But that’s the farthest it goes. With the classic English literature research paper, reading skills play a secondary role while your critical and analytical thinking is the main instrument to prove the thesis statement. However, that’s not all. When you choose some literary work to focus on in a research paper, you study it inside and out – you know when it was created and in which circumstances; you explore who supports or opposes the ideas presented in the text; you participate in a discussion that can continue for years and do your best to contribute to it. And that’s the beauty of academic exploration, especially when you are really enthusiastic about getting to the heart of the matter. Here, in this article, you will find out how to write a classic English literature research paper properly and find all the information necessary for literature research paper writing. So, make yourself comfortable and enjoy! How to Conduct a Research for a Literature Paper The research is not all about typing your topic in the Google search bar and flicking through some articles that pop up in the first results. That looks more like choosing a new cafà © to go with your friends to or looking for a gym with affordable prices. If you wish to produce a profound academic paper, you need to prepare a significant base which usually depends on the quality of the initial research. And in order not to make a blunder from the first steps, search for information in the right places which are: MLA International Bibliography. This is an online extensive database with about 3 million works on language and literature. It is regularly updated by the scientist and researchers from all over the world to keep it spot-on. It can be accessed through either your university or library websites. JSTOR. This search engine has a smaller database on literature, but offers more intricate search options – in the MLA bibliography you can search only the titles while the JSTOR gives a chance to search the text. John Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory Criticism: This is actually a book that was published in 2004. But an online equivalent lets you search its content by keywords. Its peculiarities is that there are essays and works written by 275 literature scholars, and that’s already a solid reason to consult it. University Library: it is always a good idea to look through the resources of your college/university library. Firstly, there may be relevant academic papers written by the professors from your educational establishment, and if you use them in your research, you will certainly benefit from it. Secondly, there may be a dedicated department for your topic/field of studies. These sources will help you to spot high quality and reliable information without the need to go through hundreds of meaningless articles and waste the precious time. And it’s always best to use them all together because this way you’ll get a broad overview of the scope you deal with in your research. The next step after gathering all the links and books is to process the information. To get the most out of it, it is best to: Read through all the sources in search of relevant data. Mark arguments and statements that spark your interest or any other emotion. Note down everything that comes to your mind during reading – interesting passages, ideas, questions – literally everything, and don’t forget to indicate the places you quote or get your ideas from. Pay attention to conclusions as they contain the essence of every article or book. Define the terms that you don’t know or don’t understand as they can change your perception and the direction of thoughts. Perceive dead ends like challenges – it is quite common that you sift through the sources and find nothing (as it may seem to you). The truth is that you broaden your knowledge of the topic without noticing, and you should just keep researching. Keep these little tips in mind while surfing through the data you’ve gathered. 6 Tips on How to Develop a Working Thesis Statement for a Literature Research Paper A thesis statement is a final destination of your literature research paper. It takes only one sentence, but defines the whole course of your exploration, so it’s necessary to understand the importance of its correct formulation. It is usually included in the end of the introduction and mentioned as a keynote though the whole paper. So, in order to create a provable and valuable thesis statement, you might want to: Avoid summarizing. You should state a specific goal you want to achieve within your research without retelling the plot of a literary work in focus. Answer the questions â€Å"What?† and â€Å"Why?†. What kind of claim are you stating and why should the readers care about it? Make it controversial. Simple and obvious statements don’t need any proving, so make sure your sentence sparks some stirring. Find proofs in the text. Your main argument should be supported and reflected in the text. Otherwise, your supervisor might consider it pulled out from the hat and pointless. Refrain from using vague language. If you want to research the negative consequences consequences of Hamlet’s actions, write it in plain words without any filler text. Add your further course of actions (optional). You may also include how you are going to prove the thesis statement and which aspects you will cover. Despite the fact that this is only one sentence, you must allot a considerable amount of time to work it out. Every word in a thesis statement should be carefully chosen and considered, and the whole sentence should state a complete thought. The last, but not the least – don’t use phrases like â€Å"In my view† or â€Å"I think† in your thesis statement because it will make your words less persuasive and create an impression that you don’t have enough evidence to prove your point. So, be attentive about how you lay out your opinions. The Optimal Structure of an English Literature Research Paper With research papers of any kind it is necessary to remember that everything goes from generalization at the beginning, then to more specific points reaching its climax in the middle, and in conclusion again to more general things. The usual structure of a literature research paper includes: Abstract This part can be one hell of a task because you must squeeze the essence of your whole piece in just 200 words mentioning the main questions, research methods, goals, and discussion. It is essential to remember that the abstract is the first thing everybody will read, thus it will be a point of decision for a reader whether to continue or not. The importance of this part is immense, so you might want to dedicate enough of your time to refine it to perfection. Introduction This is also a significant part of a research paper and it can be regarded as an extended version of an abstract. Here you will need to explain in detail why you’ve decided to take up this kind of research (personal interest, unexplored leads, incorrect perception, etc.) and where it will head throughout the whole piece. Also, don’t forget to communicate a message that your research is really important to the chosen field of studies and provide decent reasons to prove it. The introduction that contains all this information will certainly create a positive impression. Method Do you use analysis or synthesis to research your topic? Have you conducted a survey? What other kinds of methods do you apply to explore the subject matter? All the answers to these questions and things concerning how your research is done should be included in this part. Results Here you need to lay out what you have discovered while proving your thesis statement. This can be figures, statistics, graphs, tables or just plain words that present your findings. It is not necessary to elaborate on them because you will need to do that in the discussion part. Discussion The discussion has to be connected with the thesis statement as well as the whole introduction because here you need to dwell upon not only the results of the research, but also on the aims you have achieved. This chapter must also include the importance of your findings and your own interpretations of the results. Conclusion The conclusion must discuss the connection between your findings and other researches as well as present the perspectives of the further studies. And besides restating your introduction, you can also suggest some improvements to your own research – that would be a good addition to a final chapter. Bibliography There is no paper out there that will be complete without the reference list. Gather all your sources, format your citations according to the chosen style and voila! The writing part is finished! This is an overview of a typical literature research paper structure. But, of course, there can be different variations. So, don’t hesitate to consult with your advisor/supervisor on which elements exactly you need to include and which you can omit. General Writing Guidelines to Improve Your Academic Style We would like to top up our extensive manual on literature research writing with some general writing tips that will be useful both for literary papers and other academic entries. So, here we go: Include opinions that disagree with you together with critical interpretations – they will make your paper more interesting as well as stronger because this will show that you are confident enough in your theory and aren’t afraid of opposing views. Constantly check with your plan/outline because you can easily wander off to the unnecessary direction; unplanned writings can distract you from the main point and waste some of your precious time. Write your introduction while writing the main part of the paper – it will help you to keep it updated and release you from the necessity to rewrite it over and over again. Don’t focus too much on mistakes and punctuation. It is better to dedicate a separate session during which all you attention will be focused on tracking errors and inconsistencies. Separate editing sessions taking into account their purpose. If you want to check grammar, spend an hour or two looking purely for grammar errors. If you wish to review the punctuation, allot time specifically for this matter. These classic English literature research paper writing tips, besides our detailed descriptions of the structure, research process and thesis statement, will make it possible to produce a complete and fully-featured research paper on literature. Just make sure that you spend enough time on each stage of writing – don’t postpone everything to the last month before the deadline because there won’t be any hours for planning and researching so essential to create a great academic piece. So, choose the topic that interests you, follow our guidelines and make all the necessary preparations. This way everything will go smoothly. Writing Hacks from Our Experts: Change the font of your research paper. After finishing the writing part you will get used to how your piece looks and may miss some mistakes just because your eyes will not notice them. But if you change the font, it will create an illusion as if you’re reading a paper written by someone else, and it will be easier to detect mistakes, especially the spelling ones. Always read the biography of the author who created the literary work you concentrate on and research the circumstances in which it was written. These details may help you understand the writer’s arguments better and your perception might change completely! Dedicate one paragraph to one point. Despite the obvious nature of this rule, most students forget about it and try to squeeze as much information in one paragraph as possible. So, be attentive here not to follow the steps of the majority.

Pearl Harbor Raid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pearl Harbor Raid - Essay Example The consequences of this nuclear attack changed the course of history. Had Japan not carried out that attack on Pearl Harbor back in 1941, USA might not have entered the war and history, as we know it, would have been different. There are many people who might argue this act of the USA to be a despicable one even though it did bring the war to a close. The fact that the Japanese Army practically ran the country and its foreign policies controlled by it did not make matters better for the already war torn millions inside Japan. Whether this justifies the bombing or not is a debatable point. However, the attack at Pearl Harbor and the consequent entry of USA into the World War II in an active role signified the inevitable downfall of the Japanese Empire. The Pearl Harbor raid had its share of controversies which made worse the already declining situation for the Japanese. Even though the Japanese were to have issued a warning of the attack as per war time codes dictate, due to supposed delays, the news reached an hour after the initial attack commenced (Howard, 1999). This â€Å"sneak attack† allowed the then President of the USA to rally the country behind him in the name of an unannounced treacherous attack and plunge into the war. The Japanese confidence in their superior navy and army, and woeful ignorance of the major strides of the Americans in the fields of nuclear warfare led to the ultimate surrender in September 1945 which brought the World War II to its fateful end.

Ankle syndesmotic injuries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Ankle syndesmotic injuries - Research Paper Example Ankle syndesmosis injuries are not very common disruptions. Most of the time, rupture in the syndesmosis is seen in the deltoid ligament injury and fractures in the malleoli (Chow, p. 663). Such contributory related injuries lead to a higher possibility of syndesmosis involvement based on the understanding of the mechanism of injury (Chow, p. 663). However, ankle sprains with possible syndesmosis injuries can lead to a longer period of recovery from initial mild injuries. With better detection and early recognition methods, early detection may lead to improved outcomes of treatment. In understanding ankle syndesmosis injuries, there is a need to review the anatomical relationships in the ankle area. There are three separate ligaments in the distal tibiofibular sydesmosis, namely, the anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), the posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), and the interosseous ligament. Syndesmosis injury is seen with the â€Å"external rotation of the foot that causes a diastasis of the tibiofibular joint due to pressure exerted by the talus† (Chow, p. 663). The ankle may be in a position of either full dorsiflexion or plantarflexion during the injury. These positions often place much tension on the ligaments, hence, causing the injury. High ankle sprains occur at an incidence rate of 1 to 11% of soft-tissue ankle damages (Chow, p. 663). These rates vary based on athlete injury rates. Nevertheless, its yearly incidence rate is at 15 cases per 100,000 of the general population (van den Bekerom, et.al., p. 456). For athletes, the incidence rate is higher because their activities mostly involve â€Å"planting the foot and then cutting motions as well as direct blows to the lateral ankle† (Porter, p. 575). Accurate rates for ankle syndemosis injuries are not available because reporting processes do not present accurate figures which cover all cases; however, relative estimates are